Aptitude
這是什麼魔法？能力傾向搜尋“？提供（java-runtime）”
我正在查找如何在 Debian 上正確安裝 java。來到 Debian wiki（這是我在 Debian 上真正欣賞的一件事，wiki 很棒），這是我得到的提示：
只需
aptitude search "?provides(java-runtime)"在您的系統上執行以列出可用的軟體包）。所以我認為這
?provides是描述中的一些查詢，但請注意：i A default-jre - Standard Java or Java compatible Runtime p default-jre:i386 - Standard Java or Java compatible Runtime i A default-jre-headless - Standard Java or Java compatible Runtime (headless) p default-jre-headless:i386 - Standard Java or Java compatible Runtime (headless) p gcj-4.8-jre - Java runtime environment using GIJ/Classpath p gcj-4.8-jre:i386 - Java runtime environment using GIJ/Classpath p gcj-4.8-jre-headless - Java runtime environment using GIJ/Classpath (headless version) p gcj-4.8-jre-headless:i386 - Java runtime environment using GIJ/Classpath (headless version) p gcj-4.9-jre - Java runtime environment using GIJ/Classpath p gcj-4.9-jre:i386 - Java runtime environment using GIJ/Classpath p gcj-4.9-jre-headless - Java runtime environment using GIJ/Classpath (headless version) p gcj-4.9-jre-headless:i386 - Java runtime environment using GIJ/Classpath (headless version) p gcj-jre - Java runtime environment using GIJ/Classpath p gcj-jre:i386 - Java runtime environment using GIJ/Classpath p gcj-jre-headless - Java runtime environment using GIJ/Classpath (headless version) p gcj-jre-headless:i386 - Java runtime environment using GIJ/Classpath (headless version) i A openjdk-7-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT p openjdk-7-jre:i386 - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT i A openjdk-7-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless) p openjdk-7-jre-headless:i386 - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)該字元串
java-runtime從未出現在輸出中，這表明正在查詢隱藏的屬性。這些是哪些？
每個包都有不同的欄位。您會看到列出的包名稱和簡短描述，但查詢
Provides-field。您可以列出包的所有可用版本的所有欄位
$ apt-cache show openjdk-7-jre並獲取（縮短，取決於您的系統:)
[...] Package: openjdk-7-jre Source: openjdk-7 Version: 7u3-2.1.7-1 [...] Architecture: amd64 Provides: java-runtime, java2-runtime, java5-runtime, java6-runtime, java7-runtime Depends: openjdk-7-jre-headless (= 7u3-2.1.7-1), libasound2 (>= 1.0.16), libatk1.0-0 (>= 1.12.4), libc6 (>= 2.11), libcairo2 (>= 1.2.4), libcups2 (>= 1.4.0), libfontconfig1 (>= 2.9.0), libfreetype6 (>= 2.2.1), libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 (>= 2.22.0), libgif4 (>= 4.1.4), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.16.0), libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.8.0), libjpeg8 (>= 8c), libpango1.0-0 (>= 1.14.0), libpng12-0 (>= 1.2.13-4), libpulse0 (>= 0.99.1), libx11-6, libxext6, libxi6, libxrender1, libxtst6, zlib1g (>= 1:1.1.4), libxrandr2, libxinerama1, libgl1-mesa-glx | libgl1, libatk-wrapper-java-jni (>= 0.30.4-0ubuntu2) Recommends: libgnome2-0, libgnomevfs2-0, libgconf2-4, ttf-dejavu-extra Suggests: icedtea-7-plugin Conflicts: icedtea-gcjwebplugin (<< 1.0-1ubuntu4) Description-en: OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT Full Java runtime environment - needed for executing Java GUI and Webstart programs. Using Hotspot JIT. The packages are built using the IcedTea build support and patches from the IcedTea project. [...]關於列出的文件：
:i386表示該軟體包適用於i386架構（不是amd64您可能正在使用的）headless沒有圖形顯示的系統的手段（較少的依賴關係）gcj是gcc項目中的 java 執行時openjdk是您可能想要使用的更官方的免費 java 實現