Arch-Linux
/boot 分區未在啟動時掛載
我有一台伺服器在兩個 SSD 上的 RAID-1 mdraid 上執行 / 加密。啟動機器後，/boot，這也是 EFI 分區沒有被自動掛載，它應該是。正常啟動後的狀態：
$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS sda 8:0 0 931,5G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part │ └─md127 9:127 0 499,9M 0 raid1 └─sda2 8:2 0 930G 0 part └─md126 9:126 0 929,9G 0 raid1 └─root 253:0 0 929,9G 0 crypt / sdb 8:16 0 931,5G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 500M 0 part │ └─md127 9:127 0 499,9M 0 raid1 └─sdb2 8:18 0 930G 0 part └─md126 9:126 0 929,9G 0 raid1 └─root 253:0 0 929,9G 0 crypt /$ cat /proc/cmdline initrd=\intel-ucode.img initrd=\initramfs-linux.img root=UUID=2b9dc231-ed74-442c-841d-8254d3d7e91a rw rd.luks.options=bf4b8b61-5907-408c-8fcb-65f77e34cc86=keyfile-timeout=10s rd.luks.key=bf4b8b61-5907-408c-8fcb-65f77e34cc86=/keyfile:UUID=B332-1C72 rd.luks.name=bf4b8b61-5907-408c-8fcb-65f77e34cc86=root init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd quiet$ sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md126 /dev/md126: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Fri Nov 13 12:32:44 2020 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 975043584 (929.87 GiB 998.44 GB) Used Dev Size : 975043584 (929.87 GiB 998.44 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Intent Bitmap : Internal Update Time : Fri Jul 16 13:50:39 2021 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Consistency Policy : bitmap Name : archiso:cryptroot UUID : e4353e5f:188eaaa7:afbb8df6:a1a914bb Events : 5329 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 2 8 18 1 active sync /dev/sdb2$ sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md127 /dev/md127: Version : 1.0 Creation Time : Fri Nov 13 15:41:39 2020 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 511936 (499.94 MiB 524.22 MB) Used Dev Size : 511936 (499.94 MiB 524.22 MB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Fri Jul 16 13:46:13 2021 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Consistency Policy : resync Name : archiso:efi UUID : 457d2b2d:e0f98963:65fb2d50:43d742ad Events : 150 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 2 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1$ mount proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,size=4007800k,nr_inodes=1001950,mode=755,inode64) securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,inode64) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,size=1613448k,nr_inodes=819200,mode=755,inode64) cgroup2 on /sys/fs/cgroup type cgroup2 (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate,memory_recursiveprot) pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) efivarfs on /sys/firmware/efi/efivars type efivarfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) none on /sys/fs/bpf type bpf (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700) /dev/mapper/root on / type ext4 (rw,relatime) systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=31,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=13578) hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,pagesize=2M) mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,nr_inodes=409600,inode64) tracefs on /sys/kernel/tracing type tracefs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime) none on /run/credentials/systemd-sysusers.service type ramfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700) tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=806720k,nr_inodes=201680,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1001,inode64)$ cat /etc/fstab # /dev/mapper/root LABEL=root UUID=2b9dc231-ed74-442c-841d-8254d3d7e91a / ext4 rw,relatime 0 1 # tracefs tracefs /sys/kernel/tracing tracefs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec 0 0 # /dev/md127 LABEL=EFI UUID=B332-1C72 /boot vfat rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro 0 2$ cat /etc/mkinitcpio.conf # vim:set ft=sh # MODULES # The following modules are loaded before any boot hooks are # run. Advanced users may wish to specify all system modules # in this array. For instance: # MODULES="piix ide_disk reiserfs" MODULES=(vfat) # BINARIES # This setting includes any additional binaries a given user may # wish into the CPIO image. This is run last, so it may be used to # override the actual binaries included by a given hook # BINARIES are dependency parsed, so you may safely ignore libraries BINARIES=() # FILES # This setting is similar to BINARIES above, however, files are added # as-is and are not parsed in any way. This is useful for config files. FILES=() # HOOKS # This is the most important setting in this file. The HOOKS control the # modules and scripts added to the image, and what happens at boot time. # Order is important, and it is recommended that you do not change the # order in which HOOKS are added. Run 'mkinitcpio -H <hook name>' for # help on a given hook. # 'base' is _required_ unless you know precisely what you are doing. # 'udev' is _required_ in order to automatically load modules # 'filesystems' is _required_ unless you specify your fs modules in MODULES # Examples: ## This setup specifies all modules in the MODULES setting above. ## No raid, lvm2, or encrypted root is needed. # HOOKS="base" # ## This setup will autodetect all modules for your system and should ## work as a sane default # HOOKS="base udev autodetect block filesystems" # ## This setup will generate a 'full' image which supports most systems. ## No autodetection is done. # HOOKS="base udev block filesystems" # ## This setup assembles a pata mdadm array with an encrypted root FS. ## Note: See 'mkinitcpio -H mdadm' for more information on raid devices. # HOOKS="base udev block mdadm encrypt filesystems" # ## This setup loads an lvm2 volume group on a usb device. # HOOKS="base udev block lvm2 filesystems" # ## NOTE: If you have /usr on a separate partition, you MUST include the # usr, fsck and shutdown hooks. HOOKS=(base systemd autodetect keyboard sd-vconsole modconf block mdadm_udev sd-encrypt filesystems fsck) # COMPRESSION # Use this to compress the initramfs image. By default, gzip compression # is used. Use 'cat' to create an uncompressed image. #COMPRESSION="gzip" #COMPRESSION="bzip2" #COMPRESSION="lzma" #COMPRESSION="xz" #COMPRESSION="lzop" #COMPRESSION="lz4" COMPRESSION="cat" # COMPRESSION_OPTIONS # Additional options for the compressor #COMPRESSION_OPTIONS=""$ sudo find /run/systemd/ -name *.mount /run/systemd/generator/boot.mount /run/systemd/generator/sys-kernel-tracing.mount /run/systemd/generator/local-fs.target.requires/boot.mount /run/systemd/generator/local-fs.target.requires/sys-kernel-tracing.mount /run/systemd/generator/local-fs.target.requires/-.mount /run/systemd/generator/-.mount /run/systemd/units/invocation:sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount /run/systemd/units/invocation:sys-kernel-config.mount /run/systemd/units/invocation:tmp.mount /run/systemd/units/invocation:sys-kernel-tracing.mount /run/systemd/units/invocation:sys-kernel-debug.mount /run/systemd/units/invocation:dev-mqueue.mount /run/systemd/units/invocation:dev-hugepages.mount /run/systemd/units/invocation:sysroot.mount$ sudo cat /run/systemd/generator/boot.mount # Automatically generated by systemd-fstab-generator [Unit] Documentation=man:fstab(5) man:systemd-fstab-generator(8) SourcePath=/etc/fstab Before=local-fs.target After=blockdev@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-B332\x2d1C72.target [Mount] Where=/boot What=/dev/disk/by-uuid/B332-1C72 Type=vfat Options=rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro$ cat /run/systemd/generator/local-fs.target.requires/boot.mount # Automatically generated by systemd-fstab-generator [Unit] Documentation=man:fstab(5) man:systemd-fstab-generator(8) SourcePath=/etc/fstab Before=local-fs.target After=blockdev@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-B332\x2d1C72.target [Mount] Where=/boot What=/dev/disk/by-uuid/B332-1C72 Type=vfat Options=rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro當我
sudo mount -a在重新啟動後執行時， /boot 分區安裝時沒有錯誤。為什麼 /boot 沒有自動掛載？為什麼只能手動操作？更新
$ systemctl status boot.mount ○ boot.mount - /boot Loaded: loaded (/etc/fstab; generated) Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2021-08-05 10:07:28 CEST; 48s ago Where: /boot What: /dev/disk/by-uuid/B332-1C72 Docs: man:fstab(5) man:systemd-fstab-generator(8) CPU: 5ms Aug 05 10:07:28 offsrv systemd[1]: Unmounting /boot... Aug 05 10:07:28 offsrv systemd[1]: boot.mount: Deactivated successfully. Aug 05 10:07:28 offsrv systemd[1]: Unmounted /boot.$ journalctl -au boot.mount -- Journal begins at Fri 2021-07-23 02:09:41 CEST, ends at Thu 2021-08-05 10:08:02 CEST. -- Jul 26 19:53:05 offsrv systemd[1]: Unmounting /boot... Jul 26 19:53:05 offsrv systemd[1]: boot.mount: Deactivated successfully. Jul 26 19:53:05 offsrv systemd[1]: Unmounted /boot. -- Boot c3526248def14c31869cf62cc450e680 -- Jul 26 19:53:26 offsrv systemd[1]: Unmounting /boot... Jul 26 19:53:26 offsrv systemd[1]: boot.mount: Deactivated successfully. Jul 26 19:53:26 offsrv systemd[1]: Unmounted /boot. -- Boot 6b6baf91260148e5a3e70e94a48c26a9 -- Aug 03 14:06:56 offsrv systemd[1]: Unmounting /boot... Aug 03 14:06:56 offsrv systemd[1]: boot.mount: Deactivated successfully. Aug 03 14:06:56 offsrv systemd[1]: Unmounted /boot. -- Boot 5bf6c69ef8e0452388e425f7fbd0d75e -- Aug 03 14:07:15 offsrv systemd[1]: Unmounting /boot... Aug 03 14:07:15 offsrv systemd[1]: boot.mount: Deactivated successfully. Aug 03 14:07:15 offsrv systemd[1]: Unmounted /boot. Aug 05 10:07:06 offsrv systemd[1]: Unmounting /boot... Aug 05 10:07:06 offsrv systemd[1]: boot.mount: Deactivated successfully. Aug 05 10:07:06 offsrv systemd[1]: Unmounted /boot. -- Boot 3845a0a027984e5995d42ac52c87813f -- Aug 05 10:07:28 offsrv systemd[1]: Unmounting /boot... Aug 05 10:07:28 offsrv systemd[1]: boot.mount: Deactivated successfully. Aug 05 10:07:28 offsrv systemd[1]: Unmounted /boot.
經過一番修改後，事實證明，文件系統有一個小問題，我使用以下方法檢測並修復
dosfstools：$ sudo dosfsck /dev/md126 fsck.fat 4.2 (2021-01-31) There are differences between boot sector and its backup. This is mostly harmless. Differences: (offset:original/backup) 65:01/00 1) Copy original to backup 2) Copy backup to original 3) No action [123?q]? 1 Dirty bit is set. Fs was not properly unmounted and some data may be corrupt. 1) Remove dirty bit 2) No action [12?q]? 1 *** Filesystem was changed *** The changes have not yet been written, you can still choose to leave the filesystem unmodified: 1) Write changes 2) Leave filesystem unchanged [12?q]? 1 /dev/md126: 17 files, 11536/127730 clusters之後，
/boot自動安裝（經過多次重啟測試）。很遺憾，systemd 對應的掛載單元沒有記錄/報告這個問題，所以我不知道發生了什麼。