Arch-Linux
無法在英特爾顯卡 i5-8250U 電腦上啟動 xorg
上週我在 Ebay 上買了一台二手電腦，並一直在嘗試安裝 Arch Linux（我常用的作業系統）。在大多數情況下，它執行順利，啟動良好，沒有任何問題，我可以為我的使用者獲得一個 TTY。
剩下的最後一步是啟動 i3wm。但是，startx 不起作用。
我查看了 Xorg.0.log 文件，似乎有一個段錯誤：
[ 134.360] X.Org X Server 1.21.1.3 X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0 [ 134.367] Current Operating System: Linux thinkpad-t480 5.16.0-arch1-1 #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon, 10 Jan 2022 20:11:47 +0000 x86_64 [ 134.367] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=97a6e99b-b821-4676-9825-5f4b12fd9a64 rw loglevel=3 quiet cryptdevice=UUID=6f35e165-8b99-4b64-9b71-155ff64b0568:root root=/dev/mapper/root [ 134.372] [ 134.373] Current version of pixman: 0.40.0 [ 134.375] Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org to make sure that you have the latest version. [ 134.375] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. [ 134.384] (==) Log file: "/home/keeyan/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sat Jan 15 09:50:35 2022 [ 134.387] (==) Using config directory: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d" [ 134.389] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d" [ 134.390] (==) No Layout section. Using the first Screen section. [ 134.390] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults. [ 134.390] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0) [ 134.390] (**) | |-->Monitor "<default monitor>" [ 134.390] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section". Using a default monitor configuration. [ 134.390] (==) Automatically adding devices [ 134.390] (==) Automatically enabling devices [ 134.390] (==) Automatically adding GPU devices [ 134.390] (==) Automatically binding GPU devices [ 134.390] (==) Max clients allowed: 256, resource mask: 0x1fffff [ 134.392] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/misc" does not exist. [ 134.392] Entry deleted from font path. [ 134.392] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/TTF" does not exist. [ 134.392] Entry deleted from font path. [ 134.392] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/OTF" does not exist. [ 134.392] Entry deleted from font path. [ 134.392] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/Type1" does not exist. [ 134.392] Entry deleted from font path. [ 134.394] (==) FontPath set to: /usr/share/fonts/100dpi, /usr/share/fonts/75dpi [ 134.394] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules" [ 134.394] (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices. If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices. [ 134.394] (II) Module ABI versions: [ 134.394] X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4 [ 134.394] X.Org Video Driver: 25.2 [ 134.394] X.Org XInput driver : 24.4 [ 134.394] X.Org Server Extension : 10.0 [ 134.394] (++) using VT number 1 [ 134.396] (II) systemd-logind: took control of session /org/freedesktop/login1/session/_31 [ 134.397] (II) xfree86: Adding drm device (/dev/dri/card0) [ 134.397] (II) Platform probe for /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/drm/card0 [ 134.397] (II) systemd-logind: got fd for /dev/dri/card0 226:0 fd 11 paused 0 [ 134.401] (--) PCI:*(0@0:2:0) 8086:5917:17aa:225d rev 7, Mem @ 0xe7000000/16777216, 0xc0000000/268435456, I/O @ 0x0000e000/64, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072 [ 134.401] (WW) Open ACPI failed (/var/run/acpid.socket) (No such file or directory) [ 134.401] (II) LoadModule: "glx" [ 134.401] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so [ 134.408] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 134.408] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 1.0.0 [ 134.408] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 10.0 [ 134.408] (==) Matched intel as autoconfigured driver 0 [ 134.408] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 1 [ 134.408] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 2 [ 134.408] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 3 [ 134.408] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout [ 134.408] (II) LoadModule: "intel" [ 134.408] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module intel [ 134.408] (EE) Failed to load module "intel" (module does not exist, 0) [ 134.408] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting" [ 134.408] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so [ 134.414] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 134.414] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 1.21.1 [ 134.414] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 134.414] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2 [ 134.414] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev" [ 134.414] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module fbdev [ 134.414] (EE) Failed to load module "fbdev" (module does not exist, 0) [ 134.414] (II) LoadModule: "vesa" [ 134.414] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so [ 134.415] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 134.415] compiled for 1.21.1.1, module version = 2.5.0 [ 134.415] Module class: X.Org Video Driver [ 134.415] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2 [ 134.415] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms [ 134.415] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa [ 134.415] xf86EnableIO: failed to enable I/O ports 0000-03ff (Operation not permitted) [ 134.415] (II) modeset(0): using drv /dev/dri/card0 [ 134.415] (WW) VGA arbiter: cannot open kernel arbiter, no multi-card support [ 134.415] (II) modeset(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section "Default Screen Section" for depth/fbbpp 24/32 [ 134.415] (==) modeset(0): Depth 24, (==) framebuffer bpp 32 [ 134.415] (==) modeset(0): RGB weight 888 [ 134.415] (==) modeset(0): Default visual is TrueColor [ 134.415] (II) Loading sub module "glamoregl" [ 134.415] (II) LoadModule: "glamoregl" [ 134.415] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libglamoregl.so [ 134.422] (II) Module glamoregl: vendor="X.Org Foundation" [ 134.422] compiled for 1.21.1.3, module version = 1.0.1 [ 134.422] ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.4 [ 134.531] (EE) [ 134.531] (EE) Backtrace: [ 134.536] (EE) 0: /usr/lib/Xorg (xorg_backtrace+0x89) [0x55bf51a04049] [ 134.536] (EE) 1: /usr/lib/Xorg (0x55bf518b4000+0x15ae69) [0x55bf51a0ee69] [ 134.536] (EE) 2: /usr/lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x7fc5e6e05000+0x13870) [0x7fc5e6e18870] [ 134.537] (EE) 3: /usr/lib/libLLVM-13.so (0x7fc5dd6dd000+0x1acb683) [0x7fc5df1a8683] [ 134.538] (EE) 4: /usr/lib/libLLVM-13.so (0x7fc5dd6dd000+0x98d5f8) [0x7fc5de06a5f8] [ 134.538] (EE) 5: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7fc5e7282000+0xfe2e) [0x7fc5e7291e2e] [ 134.538] (EE) 6: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7fc5e7282000+0xff1c) [0x7fc5e7291f1c] [ 134.538] (EE) 7: /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (_dl_catch_exception+0xe5) [0x7fc5e6d6cd45] [ 134.538] (EE) 8: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7fc5e7282000+0x1420a) [0x7fc5e729620a] [ 134.538] (EE) 9: /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (_dl_catch_exception+0x88) [0x7fc5e6d6cce8] [ 134.538] (EE) 10: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x7fc5e7282000+0x139bb) [0x7fc5e72959bb] [ 134.538] (EE) 11: /usr/lib/libdl.so.2 (0x7fc5e706d000+0x236c) [0x7fc5e706f36c] [ 134.538] (EE) 12: /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (_dl_catch_exception+0x88) [0x7fc5e6d6cce8] [ 134.538] (EE) 13: /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (_dl_catch_error+0x33) [0x7fc5e6d6cdb3] [ 134.538] (EE) 14: /usr/lib/libdl.so.2 (0x7fc5e706d000+0x2b99) [0x7fc5e706fb99] [ 134.538] (EE) 15: /usr/lib/libdl.so.2 (dlopen+0x48) [0x7fc5e706f3f8] [ 134.538] (EE) 16: /usr/lib/libgbm.so.1 (0x7fc5e6006000+0x66fc) [0x7fc5e600c6fc] [ 134.538] (EE) 17: /usr/lib/libgbm.so.1 (0x7fc5e6006000+0x85a0) [0x7fc5e600e5a0] [ 134.539] (EE) 18: /usr/lib/libgbm.so.1 (0x7fc5e6006000+0x871f) [0x7fc5e600e71f] [ 134.539] (EE) 19: /usr/lib/libgbm.so.1 (0x7fc5e6006000+0x8f1f) [0x7fc5e600ef1f] [ 134.539] (EE) 20: /usr/lib/libgbm.so.1 (0x7fc5e6006000+0x6885) [0x7fc5e600c885] [ 134.539] (EE) 21: /usr/lib/libgbm.so.1 (gbm_create_device+0x11a) [0x7fc5e600c9ca] [ 134.539] (EE) 22: /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libglamoregl.so (glamor_egl_init+0x67) [0x7fc5e5d6d697] [ 134.539] (EE) 23: /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so (0x7fc5e7264000+0x1096f) [0x7fc5e727496f] [ 134.539] (EE) 24: /usr/lib/Xorg (InitOutput+0x18b3) [0x55bf51a2b943] [ 134.539] (EE) 25: /usr/lib/Xorg (0x55bf518b4000+0x3c334) [0x55bf518f0334] [ 134.539] (EE) 26: /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (__libc_start_main+0xd5) [0x7fc5e6c5bb25] [ 134.539] (EE) 27: /usr/lib/Xorg (_start+0x2e) [0x55bf518f175e] [ 134.539] (EE) [ 134.539] (EE) Segmentation fault at address 0x7fc9e3ec23b0 [ 134.539] (EE) Fatal server error: [ 134.539] (EE) Caught signal 11 (Segmentation fault). Server aborting [ 134.539] (EE) [ 134.539] (EE) Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support at http://wiki.x.org for help. [ 134.539] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/home/keeyan/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log" for additional information. [ 134.540] (EE) [ 134.565] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.我決定嘗試使用 xf86-video-intel，它有時會有所幫助，有時會造成傷害。安裝後，它會好一些。i3 啟動良好，但現在我嘗試啟動 coredump 的任何 GUI 應用程序（例如 nm-applet、alacritty、brave 等）：
Jan 15 10:23:05 thinkpad-t480 systemd[1]: Started Process Core Dump (PID 3678/UID 0). Jan 15 10:23:05 thinkpad-t480 audit[1]: SERVICE_START pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-coredump@2-3678-0 comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success' Jan 15 10:23:05 thinkpad-t480 kernel: audit: type=1130 audit(1642242185.889:130): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-coredump@2-3678-0 comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success' Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 systemd-coredump[3679]: Process 3677 (alacritty) of user 1000 dumped core. Module linux-vdso.so.1 with build-id 3b23eb9fafd9a6683da8f2a15381914a95d54b1e Module libicudata.so.70 with build-id e1dcc2a88cfaafed882d09c90c668af0eed4efed Module liblzma.so.5 with build-id 8b615460aa230708c5183f16bede67aa0437d95e Module libicuuc.so.70 with build-id 2e245c2bf12f95fd8ab79b3a4be99524677cbd70 Module libxml2.so.2 with build-id b710b880b0d4e9c93554fa632129db44c20632cd Module libncursesw.so.6 with build-id 859adb8b03a5655151b4da104bc4b326a0d4bc8c Module libedit.so.0 with build-id 4b0babfcad161c2ad0af6e59e2493258db23a331 Module libffi.so.8 with build-id f90d8b734f6de9b25faedb8cbfab7054dafc0a42 Module libvulkan.so.1 with build-id 0c8486d8689e18bd837da80fe4d17664a248bc10 Module libdrm_nouveau.so.2 with build-id ee16fa6a4d0bd08f5448cfc046ccb76b49aaa8a3 Module libdrm_amdgpu.so.1 with build-id 30d019987d514b23115b47d6b47c1e45c18fdbaf Module libelf.so.1 with build-id a4fb077dcec6ee26a5fab1fa10c59bd03b1078e4 Module libdrm_radeon.so.1 with build-id 5d1615e0467d0a34a5a82cbd4ebc84851e116307 Module libsensors.so.5 with build-id dc8b2c1c0d8525411aca188ea3cc3fb86d381d30 Module libzstd.so.1 with build-id 6214183688018e3fba6d66db10c2c8d0b45e0578 Module libLLVM-13.so with build-id 82982c299d46219d0eab8ee9cb8bb7365483453b Module iris_dri.so with build-id ebdb09c64ad01a77f899d04accb3d2e414fe5cf1 Module libstdc++.so.6 with build-id 9b5eeeb149bf3c4efe787fb398b44f00507aec87 Module libxcb-xfixes.so.0 with build-id a6b197ace5b9b59f913f5969eb419a88d1194f47 Module libxshmfence.so.1 with build-id 8876d9ccf620858795724ca24b9e567585a77cec Module libxcb-sync.so.1 with build-id dda14591103b01b1311906053bf1ca9e82ade35c Module libxcb-present.so.0 with build-id 68f5465258750e2397b1333b3ffc01ee33caa4e1 Module libxcb-dri3.so.0 with build-id 9407a2480e09dc5a1dd9d9a0652fa8d32b328c91 Module libxcb-shm.so.0 with build-id fb797f299a446f559a95afcc168227482cc800d1 Module libXxf86vm.so.1 with build-id 01e8243d0c6c971fa9e743e6e53d606b1cb76f6e Module libxcb-dri2.so.0 with build-id 2dd6e65129a809dab828a1d26215a3f7a363fcc8 Module libxcb-glx.so.0 with build-id 8ad115382ad874165523dc5b4488c99d73bbc3c4 Module libdrm.so.2 with build-id 457a1a1bd25f1d5541a10d3f16c5dc1440d77c7d Module libglapi.so.0 with build-id 9331aed5060062bcfafd463d36506312fab59549 Module libGLX_mesa.so.0 with build-id 76cdb170e96b9ad2d09c67051436088c007f4b7b Module libGLX.so.0 with build-id 2a08836c6e6126ce9ff4496b6aacaf29ae9b4e7b Module libGLdispatch.so.0 with build-id 501765b3a78d668860fa54229b18107473aeda4c Module libGL.so.1 with build-id 912ac4f37a9fa2d5abcf7a9088c9983cfe46f12a Module libX11-xcb.so.1 with build-id 0db4f94d8ae31b8dc9a83f825a9171656f1e532c Module libXi.so.6 with build-id 16603be937a02a7e61b0b0395d064be7efd86f49 Module libXext.so.6 with build-id d70f24beb4fad748d6becffdcc13e51be0a2ebfa Module libXrandr.so.2.2.0 with build-id d4e869b5c72541e1de8f96b456248987ea52d51b Module libXfixes.so.3 with build-id 0a05c7e8714522bfbdd7c0027c3e2a94965664b0 Module libXrender.so.1 with build-id 97e0b9ab6ba96ebc86527cc2b3c3078aad8616b3 Module libXcursor.so.1 with build-id eb6315bcd7526aaf51b0a1307efdc587cea0a152 Module libX11.so.6 with build-id 5ba5798d193c0065014b8c6252a0678671c8d478 Module libpcre.so.1 with build-id 845483dd0acba86de9f0313102bebbaf3ce52767 Module libbrotlicommon.so.1 with build-id a4ba3f4b4571c8272343b621da812a6e24a202a7 Module libglib-2.0.so.0 with build-id 220436a4e27f39372710df014d2517c0387eefa4 Module libgraphite2.so.3 with build-id 47761dc11e553f519cde97ed9ee985be12ccdae2 Module ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 with build-id 040cc3dd10461562f177df39e3be2f3704258c3c Module libXdmcp.so.6 with build-id 8ca0792d23c8b8b4c0864297512349292bea5955 Module libXau.so.6 with build-id 1c67764663e07bec24d8951e5fd93f4d165979ff Module libexpat.so.1 with build-id 16023a53e7b5bbdff92bd0bf2eebd36f9b5b879f Module libbrotlidec.so.1 with build-id 45defc036e918e0140a72f1fbce6e7692d38241d Module libharfbuzz.so.0 with build-id 1d9dee49dd99162c3f83eb3259c3c88c6b4cd7fe Module libpng16.so.16 with build-id 2dc0bce07f199bf983c07a05fb95a6f4af83a9b3 Module libbz2.so.1.0 with build-id 919597c477c9b2cb9cdbb7745ed6494ac0e6da60 Module libz.so.1 with build-id 0c1459c56513efd5d53eb3868290e9afee6a6a26 Module libc.so.6 with build-id 4b406737057708c0e4c642345a703c47a61c73dc Module libm.so.6 with build-id 2b8fd1f869ecab4e0b55e92f2f151897f6818acf Module libpthread.so.0 with build-id 07c8f95b4f3251d08550217ad8a1f31066229996 Module librt.so.1 with build-id 75484da2d6f1515189eefa076e0a40328834cd16 Module libutil.so.1 with build-id af6d8200064ee6e6a01252884d166b44f0a6121b Module libgcc_s.so.1 with build-id 7f8508bb914546ada778809b64b99d234337d835 Module libdl.so.2 with build-id 5abc547e7b0949f89f3c0e21ab0c8331a7440a8a Module libxcb.so.1 with build-id 0d1ef11740a5daad2ee331e812a51aa6574af222 Module libfontconfig.so.1 with build-id 1103a641395c7d3b42e49b793d3a9ea927c77bf6 Module libfreetype.so.6 with build-id 26c5f833068ff72660d1975cbc2074c3eb47fad8 Module alacritty with build-id 1e625a961519ee171ca24b2cbf8a2f2901d9132e Stack trace of thread 3677: #0 0x00007fd3e11c0683 n/a (libLLVM-13.so + 0x1acb683) #1 0x00007fd3e00825f8 _ZN4llvm3orc13MachOPlatform14notifyRemovingERNS0_15ResourceTrackerE (libLLVM-13.so + 0x98d5f8) #2 0x00007fd3e9052e2e call_init (ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 + 0xfe2e) #3 0x00007fd3e9052f1c _dl_init (ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 + 0xff1c) #4 0x00007fd3e8cb0d45 _dl_catch_exception (libc.so.6 + 0x138d45) #5 0x00007fd3e905720a dl_open_worker (ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 + 0x1420a) #6 0x00007fd3e8cb0ce8 _dl_catch_exception (libc.so.6 + 0x138ce8) #7 0x00007fd3e90569bb _dl_open (ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 + 0x139bb) #8 0x00007fd3e8ed836c n/a (libdl.so.2 + 0x236c) #9 0x00007fd3e8cb0ce8 _dl_catch_exception (libc.so.6 + 0x138ce8) #10 0x00007fd3e8cb0db3 _dl_catch_error (libc.so.6 + 0x138db3) #11 0x00007fd3e8ed8b99 n/a (libdl.so.2 + 0x2b99) #12 0x00007fd3e8ed83f8 dlopen (libdl.so.2 + 0x23f8) #13 0x00007fd3e7ed8208 n/a (libGLX_mesa.so.0 + 0x51208) #14 0x00007fd3e7edabc9 n/a (libGLX_mesa.so.0 + 0x53bc9) #15 0x00007fd3e7edbb5e n/a (libGLX_mesa.so.0 + 0x54b5e) #16 0x00007fd3e7ebe141 n/a (libGLX_mesa.so.0 + 0x37141) #17 0x00007fd3e7ebe954 n/a (libGLX_mesa.so.0 + 0x37954) #18 0x00007fd3e7ebed13 n/a (libGLX_mesa.so.0 + 0x37d13) #19 0x000055dcf1a4d59f n/a (alacritty + 0xa859f) #20 0x000055dcf1b11b71 n/a (alacritty + 0x16cb71) #21 0x000055dcf1a5c9a6 n/a (alacritty + 0xb79a6) #22 0x000055dcf1a589b9 n/a (alacritty + 0xb39b9) #23 0x000055dcf1a3264b n/a (alacritty + 0x8d64b) #24 0x000055dcf1b58f83 n/a (alacritty + 0x1b3f83) #25 0x000055dcf1a40689 n/a (alacritty + 0x9b689) #26 0x00007fd3e8b9fb25 __libc_start_main (libc.so.6 + 0x27b25) #27 0x000055dcf1a1011e n/a (alacritty + 0x6b11e) ELF object binary architecture: AMD x86-64 Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 systemd[1]: systemd-coredump@2-3678-0.service: Deactivated successfully. Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 audit[1]: SERVICE_STOP pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-coredump@2-3678-0 comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success' Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 kernel: audit: type=1131 audit(1642242186.009:131): pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=systemd-coredump@2-3678-0 comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success' Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 audit: BPF prog-id=0 op=UNLOAD Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 audit: BPF prog-id=0 op=UNLOAD Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 audit: BPF prog-id=0 op=UNLOAD Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 kernel: audit: type=1334 audit(1642242186.139:132): prog-id=0 op=UNLOAD Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 kernel: audit: type=1334 audit(1642242186.139:133): prog-id=0 op=UNLOAD Jan 15 10:23:06 thinkpad-t480 kernel: audit: type=1334 audit(1642242186.139:134): prog-id=0 op=UNLOAD我還嘗試了使用和不使用 xf86-video-intel 的以下 xorg.conf（以及一些不同的更改，例如禁用 Accel），但它似乎沒有幫助（在https://bbs.archlinux.org找到/viewtopic.php?id=208252）：
Section "Device" Identifier "Intel Graphics" Driver "intel" Option "AccelMethod" "uxa" EndSection我嘗試啟動 Linux Mint live USB，一切正常。我可以毫無問題地啟動桌面環境、觀看影片等。它還預裝了 Windows，Windows 也執行良好。因為我買了二手電腦，所以我執行了所有的 bios 診斷程序（出於不相關的原因），只是為了檢查一切正常並且所有測試也都通過了。我也嘗試切換到 linux-lts，這也沒有什麼區別 :(
我已經花了很長時間研究這個問題，但無法弄清楚。非常感謝任何幫助:)
更新：從頭開始重新安裝 Arch 後，X 似乎工作正常。我還沒有執行我的任何設置腳本（它們安裝我使用的軟體包，配置東西等），所以那裡可能有什麼問題破壞了它。我將開始手動執行該腳本的某些部分，直到找出破壞 X 的部分，一旦我這樣做，我將在此處發布一個答案，解釋導致它的原因。
我嘗試重新安裝 Arch Linux，它安裝得很好，Xorg 似乎可以毫無問題地啟動。但是在玩了一會兒之後，我注意到許多程序會無緣無故地出現段錯誤。有些東西也無法在 Xorg 之外編譯。
這讓我懷疑它可能與硬體有關。在向 SuperUser 提問後，我被建議執行 Memtest86。我執行了這個程序，它抱怨錯誤太多。
因此，在這種情況下，問題似乎是由物理 RAM 棒的問題引起的，與軟體無關。
你的筆記型電腦有nvidia GPU嗎？我使用的是聯想 L340，這是我的 neofetch：
所以我必須添加以下核心參數
/etc/default/grub（禁用nouveau）：nouveau.modeset=0 i915.enable_psr=0現在我的
/etc/default/grub樣子GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="Center" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="splash quiet nouveau.modeset=0 i915.enable_psr=0" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""順便說一句，如果你想增強你的 Xorg 體驗（你和我一樣在 UHD620 上，所以你可以複製和粘貼這些配置），試試這個：
Section "Module" Load "dri3" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Intel Graphics" Driver "intel" Option "DRI" "3" Option "TripleBuffer" "true" Option "TearFree" "true" EndSection這解決了我的螢幕故障和撕裂。
