Audio
alsa更新後基本作業系統沒有聲音
我是 Linux 新手，但我真的很喜歡 Elementary 的簡單性。在註意到我在 Elementary 中的聲音與 Windows 8.1 相比很差之後，我嘗試更新聲音驅動程序。我最終從這裡下載了一個，但重新啟動後，我的聲音圖示從工具欄中消失了，聽不到聲音。在設置 > 聲音中，我看到“虛擬輸出”並執行 alsamixer 說無法打開混音器：沒有這樣的文件或目錄。我用Google搜尋沒有任何成功，很多人建議
sudo alsa force-reload，但返回Unloading ALSA sound driver modules: (none loaded). Loading ALSA sound driver modules: (none to reload).在沒有任何回复的情況下在其他地方發布後我已經失去了希望，我希望這裡有人可以提供幫助。我已經解除安裝了我之前從上面的連結下載的驅動程序（也許還有一些遺留下來的東西？）並清除了重新安裝了 alsa-base 和 pulseaudio 但我仍然看不到聲音圖示或播放聲音。
sudo lshw:description: Portable Computer product: Inspiron 3537 (Inspiron 3537) vendor: Winbond Electronics version: A07 serial: 2FN1402 width: 64 bits capabilities: smbios-2.7 dmi-2.7 vsyscall32 configuration: administrator_password=disabled boot=normal chassis=portable family=00 frontpanel_password=disabled keyboard_password=disabled power-on_password=disabled sku=Inspiron 3537 uuid=44454C4C-4600-104E-8031-B2C04F343032 *-core description: Motherboard product: 03JPPR vendor: Winbond Electronics physical id: 0 version: A00 serial: .2FN1402.CN129664280036. slot: Type2 - Board Chassis Location *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: Winbond Electronics physical id: 0 version: A07 date: 11/12/2013 size: 128KiB capacity: 4032KiB capabilities: pci pnp upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect edd int13floppynec int13floppytoshiba int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer int10video acpi usb biosbootspecification *-cpu description: CPU product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4200U CPU @ 1.60GHz vendor: Intel Corp. physical id: 4 bus info: cpu@0 version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4200U CPU @ 1.60GHz serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M. slot: U3E1 size: 759MHz capacity: 759MHz width: 64 bits clock: 100MHz capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cpufreq configuration: cores=2 enabledcores=2 threads=4 *-cache:0 description: L1 cache physical id: 9 slot: L1 Cache size: 32KiB capacity: 32KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-back instruction *-cache:1 description: L2 cache physical id: a slot: L2 Cache size: 256KiB capacity: 256KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-back unified *-cache:2 description: L3 cache physical id: b slot: L3 Cache size: 3MiB capacity: 3MiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-back unified *-cache description: L1 cache physical id: 8 slot: L1 Cache size: 32KiB capacity: 32KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-back data *-memory description: System Memory physical id: 23 slot: System board or motherboard size: 6GiB *-bank:0 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns) product: M471B5674QH0-YK0 vendor: Samsung physical id: 0 serial: 98D205AC slot: JDIMM1 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns) *-bank:1 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns) product: NT4GC64C88B1NS-DI vendor: Nanya Technology physical id: 1 serial: F85A1057 slot: JDIMM2 size: 4GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns) *-pci description: Host bridge product: Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 100 bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0 version: 09 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 09 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:61 memory:b0000000-b03fffff memory:a0000000-afffffff ioport:4000(size=64) *-multimedia:0 UNCLAIMED description: Audio device product: Intel Corporation vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 3 bus info: pci@0000:00:03.0 version: 09 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:b0710000-b0713fff *-usb:0 description: USB controller product: Lynx Point-LP USB xHCI HC vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 14 bus info: pci@0000:00:14.0 version: 04 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi xhci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=xhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:58 memory:b0700000-b070ffff *-communication UNCLAIMED description: Communication controller product: Lynx Point-LP HECI #0 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 16 bus info: pci@0000:00:16.0 version: 04 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:b0718000-b071801f *-multimedia:1 UNCLAIMED description: Audio device product: Lynx Point-LP HD Audio Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1b bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0 version: 04 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:b0714000-b0717fff *-pci:0 description: PCI bridge product: Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 3 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0 version: e4 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:56 ioport:3000(size=4096) memory:b0600000-b06fffff ioport:b0400000(size=1048576) *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 07 serial: ec:f4:bb:87:45:0c size: 10Mbit/s capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=half firmware=rtl8106e-1_0.0.1 06/29/12 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=MII speed=10Mbit/s resources: irq:60 ioport:3000(size=256) memory:b0600000-b0600fff memory:b0400000-b0403fff *-pci:1 description: PCI bridge product: Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 4 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.3 version: e4 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:57 memory:b0500000-b05fffff ioport:9fb00000(size=1048576) *-network description: Wireless interface product: QCA9565 / AR9565 Wireless Network Adapter vendor: Qualcomm Atheros physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 01 serial: 64:5a:04:ca:09:df width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath9k driverversion=3.8.0-39-generic firmware=N/A ip=192.168.1.5 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:19 memory:b0500000-b057ffff memory:9fb00000-9fb0ffff *-usb:1 description: USB controller product: Lynx Point-LP USB EHCI #1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0 resources: irq:23 memory:b071c000-b071c3ff *-isa description: ISA bridge product: Lynx Point-LP LPC Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=lpc_ich latency=0 resources: irq:0 *-storage description: SATA controller product: Lynx Point-LP SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode] vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: storage msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ahci latency=0 resources: irq:59 ioport:4088(size=8) ioport:4094(size=4) ioport:4080(size=8) ioport:4090(size=4) ioport:4060(size=32) memory:b071b000-b071b7ff *-serial UNCLAIMED description: SMBus product: Lynx Point-LP SMBus Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3 version: 04 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:b0719000-b07190ff ioport:4040(size=32) *-scsi:0 physical id: 1 logical name: scsi0 capabilities: emulated *-disk description: ATA Disk product: Hitachi HTS54757 vendor: Hitachi physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: JE4O serial: J2140054KYR1XB size: 698GiB (750GB) capabilities: gpt-1.00 partitioned partitioned:gpt configuration: ansiversion=5 guid=0f7b0e6a-9fa4-449d-8fb3-524c80e127f4 *-volume:0 description: Windows FAT volume vendor: MSDOS5.0 physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sda1 logical name: /boot/efi version: FAT32 serial: 0e9a-917c size: 495MiB capacity: 499MiB capabilities: boot fat initialized configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat mount.fstype=vfat mount.options=rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro name=EFI system partition state=mounted *-volume:1 description: Windows FAT volume vendor: MSDOS5.0 physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2 logical name: /dev/sda2 version: FAT32 serial: 600d-e074 size: 15MiB capacity: 39MiB capabilities: precious readonly hidden nomount fat initialized configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat name=Basic data partition *-volume:2 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 3 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,3 logical name: /dev/sda3 version: 3.1 serial: 7214-8f07 size: 98MiB capacity: 127MiB capabilities: nofs ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2014-04-26 20:59:47 filesystem=ntfs modified_by_chkdsk=true mounted_on_nt4=true name=Microsoft reserved partition resize_log_file=true state=dirty upgrade_on_mount=true *-volume:3 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 4 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,4 logical name: /dev/sda4 version: 3.1 serial: e012-cf26 size: 460MiB capacity: 489MiB capabilities: precious readonly hidden nomount ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2014-02-07 18:33:16 filesystem=ntfs label=WINRETOOLS name=Basic data partition state=clean *-volume:4 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 5 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,5 logical name: /dev/sda5 version: 3.1 serial: 8e282093-121f-2e48-901e-b0cc0d3175aa size: 201GiB capacity: 201GiB capabilities: ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2014-02-07 18:33:27 filesystem=ntfs label=OS name=Basic data partition state=clean *-volume:5 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 6 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,6 logical name: /dev/sda6 version: 3.1 serial: 88bb-16a8 size: 433MiB capacity: 449MiB capabilities: precious readonly hidden nomount ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2014-04-27 21:10:23 filesystem=ntfs modified_by_chkdsk=true mounted_on_nt4=true resize_log_file=true state=dirty upgrade_on_mount=true *-volume:6 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 7 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,7 logical name: /dev/sda7 logical name: /media/sda7 version: 3.1 serial: 3a09b668-4147-4c4a-8f39-e329be48fcbf size: 341GiB capacity: 341GiB capabilities: ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2014-04-26 00:17:41 filesystem=ntfs label=Media modified_by_chkdsk=true mount.fstype=fuseblk mount.options=rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096 mounted_on_nt4=true name=Basic data partition resize_log_file=true state=mounted upgrade_on_mount=true *-volume:7 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 8 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,8 logical name: /dev/sda8 version: 3.1 serial: 70f2-defe size: 12GiB capacity: 12GiB capabilities: precious readonly hidden nomount ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2014-02-07 21:44:42 filesystem=ntfs label=PBR Image modified_by_chkdsk=true mounted_on_nt4=true name=Microsoft recovery partition resize_log_file=true state=dirty upgrade_on_mount=true *-volume:8 description: EXT4 volume vendor: Linux physical id: 9 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,9 logical name: /dev/sda9 logical name: / version: 1.0 serial: a6c40c87-72a3-4600-a9f5-4e2164d727ad size: 135GiB capabilities: journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized configuration: created=2014-04-28 17:36:17 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2014-05-21 20:44:45 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2014-05-21 20:55:17 state=mounted *-volume:9 description: Linux swap volume physical id: a bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,10 logical name: /dev/sda10 version: 1 serial: 3cf35bdb-523c-4c09-8f2d-bed23767416c size: 6023MiB capacity: 6024MiB capabilities: nofs swap initialized configuration: filesystem=swap pagesize=4095 *-scsi:1 physical id: 2 logical name: scsi1 capabilities: emulated *-cdrom description: DVD-RAM writer product: DVD+-RW GU90N vendor: HL-DT-ST physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom logical name: /dev/cdrw logical name: /dev/dvd logical name: /dev/dvdrw logical name: /dev/sr0 version: A100 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram configuration: ansiversion=5 status=ready *-medium physical id: 0 logical name: /dev/cdrom *-scsi:2 physical id: 3 bus info: usb@1:1.7 logical name: scsi3 capabilities: emulated scsi-host configuration: driver=rts5139 *-disk description: SCSI Disk product: xD/SD/M.S. vendor: Generic- physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@3:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sdb version: 1.00 serial: 3 capabilities: removable *-medium physical id: 0 logical name: /dev/sdb *-battery description: Lithium-Ion Battery product: DELL 4WY7C416 vendor: SANYO physical id: 1 slot: Sys. Battery Bay capacity: 28000mWh configuration: voltage=14.8V任何幫助是極大的讚賞。
我發現這非常有用，它幫助我恢復了聲音。不要忘記在每次重新啟動之前執行 sudo update-grub。