新鮮的 Debian 10 - 沒有聲音：請幫忙！

我決定再次使用 Linux，因為我的第一個發行版是 Debian，所以我又回到了它，但仍然認為自己是個菜鳥。我知道在安裝新的 Distro 時總是會出現問題，但這次會很累。核心是 4.19。

我沒有任何聲音輸出。我正在執行一個 Soundblaster Z 音效卡，它在 alsa 中被辨識並設置為我的預設音頻設備。在 alsamixer 中，沒有任何東西被靜音和打開。Spotify 和揚聲器測試顯示沒有結果。

Pulseaudio 或 pavucontrol 顯示肯定有輸入，因為輸出條正在移動。

pacmd list-sinks給出以下輸出：

1 sink(s) available.
 * index: 0
       name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_02_00.0.analog-stereo>
       driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
       flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY FLAT_VOLUME DYNAMIC_LATENCY
       state: RUNNING
       suspend cause: (none)
       priority: 9039
       volume: front-left: 46396 /  71% / -9.00 dB,   front-right: 46396 /  71% / -9.00 dB
               balance 0.00
       base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
       volume steps: 65537
       muted: no
       current latency: 531.63 ms
       max request: 168 KiB
       max rewind: 168 KiB
       monitor source: 0
       sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
       channel map: front-left,front-right
                    Stereo
       used by: 1
       linked by: 1
       configured latency: 980.00 ms; range is 2.00 .. 1999.82 ms
       card: 1 <alsa_card.pci-0000_02_00.0>
       module: 7
       properties:
               alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
               device.api = "alsa"
               device.class = "sound"
               alsa.class = "generic"
               alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
               alsa.name = "CA0132 Analog"
               alsa.id = "CA0132 Analog"
               alsa.subdevice = "0"
               alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
               alsa.device = "0"
               alsa.card = "2"
               alsa.card_name = "HDA Creative"
               alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Creative at 0xf7304000 irq 18"
               alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
               device.bus_path = "pci-0000:02:00.0"
               sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/0000:02:00.0/sound/card2"
               device.bus = "pci"
               device.vendor.id = "1102"
               device.vendor.name = "Creative Labs"
               device.product.id = "0012"
               device.product.name = "Sound Core3D [Sound Blaster Recon3D / Z-Series] (SB1570 SB Audigy Fx)"
               device.string = "front:2"
               device.buffering.buffer_size = "352768"
               device.buffering.fragment_size = "176384"
               device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
               device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
               device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo"
               device.description = "Sound Core3D [Sound Blaster Recon3D / Z-Series] (SB1570 SB Audigy Fx) Analog Stereo"
               alsa.mixer_name = "Creative Sound Blaster Z"
               alsa.components = "HDA:11020011,11020023,00100918"
               module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
               device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
       ports:
               analog-output-lineout: Line Out (priority 9900, latency offset 0 usec, available: no)
                       properties:

               analog-output-headphones: Headphones (priority 9000, latency offset 0 usec, available: yes)
                       properties:
                               device.icon_name = "audio-headphones"
       active port: <analog-output-headphones>

inxi -Fx給出這個輸出（音頻部分）：

Audio:     Device-1: Intel 200 Series PCH HD Audio vendor: ASUSTeK driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel bus ID: 00:1f.3 
          Device-2: NVIDIA GP104 High Definition Audio vendor: CardExpert driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel bus ID: 01:00.1 
          Device-3: Creative Labs Sound Core3D [Sound Blaster Recon3D / Z-Series] driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel 
          bus ID: 02:00.0 

aplay -l給出了這個：

**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC1220 Analog [ALC1220 Analog]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 1: ALC1220 Digital [ALC1220 Digital]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: Creative [HDA Creative], device 0: CA0132 Analog [CA0132 Analog]
 Subdevices: 0/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 2: Creative [HDA Creative], device 1: CA0132 Digital [CA0132 Digital]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

順便說一句，在 Windows 上一切正常，所以硬體沒有缺陷。請幫忙。先感謝您！

顯然，該卡包含一個需要韌體才能工作的 DSP，並且由於 Creative 不太可能發布它的原始碼，它可能位於 packagefirmware-misc-nonfree中，它是非免費的（如“未完全開源") Debian 軟體包儲存庫的一部分。

如果您在包管理器中看不到該firmware-misc-nonfree包，您可能沒有選擇在安裝期間啟用儲存庫的非免費部分。修復它的最簡單方法可能是確保software-properties-common已安裝軟體包，然後apt-add-repository non-free以 root 身份執行（使用sudo或任何您喜歡的方式）。然後重新載入軟體包列表（例如apt update），安裝firmware-misc-nonfree並重新啟動。

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/585771