Bash
退出帶有嵌套循環的 shell 腳本
我有一個帶有嵌套循環的 shell 腳本,只是發現“exit”並沒有真正退出腳本,而只是目前循環。是否有另一種方法可以在某個錯誤條件下完全退出腳本?
我不想使用“set -e”,因為存在可接受的錯誤,並且需要進行太多重寫。
現在,我正在使用 kill 手動終止程序,但似乎應該有更好的方法來做到這一點。
您的問題本身不是嵌套循環。這是您的一個或多個內部循環在 subshell 中執行。
這有效:
#!/bin/bash for i in $(seq 1 100); do echo i $i for j in $(seq 1 10) ; do echo j $j sleep 1 [[ $j = 3 ]] && { echo "I've had enough!" 1>&2; exit 1; } done echo "After the j loop." done echo "After all the loops."
輸出:
i 1 j 1 j 2 j 3 I've had enough!
這提出了您描述的問題:
#!/bin/bash for i in $(seq 1 100); do echo i $i cat /etc/passwd | while read line; do echo LINE $line sleep 1 [[ "$line" = "daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin" ]] && { echo "I've had enough!" 1>&2; exit 1; } done echo "After the j loop." done echo "After all the loops."
輸出:
i 1 LINE root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash LINE bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin LINE daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin I've had enough! After the j loop. i 2 LINE root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash LINE bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin LINE daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin I've had enough! After the j loop. i 3 LINE root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash (...etc...)
這是解決方案;您必須測試在子外殼中執行的內部循環的返回值:
#!/bin/bash for i in $(seq 1 100); do echo i $i cat /etc/passwd | while read line; do echo LINE $line sleep 1 [[ "$line" = "daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin" ]] && { echo "I've had enough!" 1>&2; exit 1; } done err=$?; [[ $err != 0 ]] && exit $err echo "After the j loop." done echo "After all the loops."
注意測試:
[[ $? != 0 ]] && exit $?
輸出:
i 1 LINE root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash LINE bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin LINE daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin I've had enough!
編輯:要驗證您所在的子外殼,請修改“答案”腳本以告訴您目前外殼的程序 ID 是什麼。注意:這僅適用於 bash 4:
#!/bin/bash for i in $(seq 1 100); do echo pid $BASHPID i $i cat /etc/passwd | while read line; do echo pid $BASHPID LINE $line sleep 1 [[ "$line" = "daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin" ]] && { echo "I've had enough!" 1>&2; exit 1; } done err=$?; [[ $err != 0 ]] && echo pid $BASHPID && exit $err echo "After the j loop." done echo "After all the loops."
輸出:
pid 31793 i 1 pid 31796 LINE root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash pid 31796 LINE bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin pid 31796 LINE daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin I've had enough! pid 31793
變數“i”和“j”由 Fortran 提供。祝你今天過得愉快。:-)