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如何用文件中的空格字元替換不可列印的字元

  • January 17, 2022

我已經閱讀了本網站或 Stackoverflow 上關於此主題的幾乎所有答案,但未能解決以下問題。

當我從 PDF 文件複製文本並將其粘貼到文本文件file.txt中時,文本看起來很正常,但是當我使用 cat 命令時:

cat -v file.txt

輸出是:

vbox = None
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- def __init__(self, title="Error!", parent=None,
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- flags=Gtk.DialogFlags.MODAL, buttons=("NO",
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- Gtk.ResponseType.NO, "_YES",
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- Gtk.ResponseType.YES)):
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- super().__init__(title=title, parent=parent, flags=flags,
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- buttons=buttons)
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- self.vbox = self.get_content_area()
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- self.hbox = Gtk.Box(orientation=Gtk.Orientation.HORIZONTAL,
spacing=5)
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- icon_theme = Gtk.IconTheme.get_default()
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- icon = icon_theme.load_icon("dialog-question", 48,
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- Gtk.IconLookupFlags.FORCE_SVG)
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- image = Gtk.Image.new_from_pixbuf(icon)
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- self.hbox.pack_start(image, False, False, 5)
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- self.vbox.add(self.hbox)
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- def set_message(self, message, add_msg=None):
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- self.hbox.pack_start(Gtk.Label(message), False, False, 5)
M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- M-BM- if add_msg != None:

或者當我使用bat 命令時:

bat -A file.txt

輸出是:

vbox•=•None␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}def•__init__(self,•title="Error!",•parent=None,␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}flags=Gtk.DialogFlags.MODAL,•buttons=("NO",␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}Gtk.ResponseType.NO,•"_YES",␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}Gtk.ResponseType.YES)):␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}super().__init__(title=title,•parent=parent,•flags=flags,␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}buttons=buttons)␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}self.vbox•=•self.get_content_area()␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}self.hbox•=•Gtk.Box(orientation=Gtk.Orientation.HORIZONTAL,␊
spacing=5)␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}icon_theme•=•Gtk.IconTheme.get_default()␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}icon•=•icon_theme.load_icon("dialog-question",•48,␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}Gtk.IconLookupFlags.FORCE_SVG)␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}image•=•Gtk.Image.new_from_pixbuf(icon)␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}self.hbox.pack_start(image,•False,•False,•5)␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}self.vbox.add(self.hbox)␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}def•set_message(self,•message,•add_msg=None):␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}self.hbox.pack_start(Gtk.Label(message),•False,•False,•5)␊
\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}\u{a0}if•add_msg•!=•None:␊

在 Visual Studio 程式碼上,當我將滑鼠懸停在這些字元上時,我得到:

The character U+00a0 is not a basic ASCII character.

在此處輸入圖像描述

如何使用 sed 命令將這些字元替換為普通的“空格”字元?

看起來像不間斷空格 (U+00A0)的 UTF-8 編碼,字節為c2 a0十六進制。像sed -e 's/\xc2\xa0/ /g'GNU sed 這樣的東西應該​​可以用正常空格替換它們。

使用Raku(以前稱為 Perl_6)

raku -pe 's:g/\c[NO-BREAK SPACE]/ /;'  file.txt

以下是用 Raku 編碼的解決方案,Raku 是 Perl 程式語言家族的成員。Raku 的一個優勢是對 Unicode 開箱即用的高級支持,無需外部庫/包/模組。

上面我只使用了“官方”Unicode 名稱 ,可以將其輸入到熟悉的s///替換運算符中\c[NO-BREAK SPACE](參見https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf)。

\c[NBSP]下面的名稱別名也有效:

raku -pe 's:g/\c[NBSP]/ /;'  file.txt

最後,輸入十六進制也可以:

raku -pe 's:g/\x00A0/ /;' file.txt

有關 Raku 中 Unicode 支持的更多資訊,請參見下文。

https://www.codesections.com/blog/raku-unicode/

https://docs.raku.org/language/unicode

引用自:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/686517