在陷阱中重置 STDOUT FD

腳本

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Exit on error. Append "|| true" if you expect an error.
set -o errexit
# Exit on error inside any functions or subshells.
set -o errtrace
# Do not allow use of undefined vars. Use ${VAR:-} to use an undefined VAR
set -o nounset
# Catch the error in case mysqldump fails (but gzip succeeds) in `mysqldump |gzip`
set -o pipefail
# Turn on traces, useful while debugging but commented out by default
set -o xtrace

bash_backtrace() {
   echo TEST
   ls -l /proc/$$/fd >&2
}

trap bash_backtrace ERR

CMD="ls /does-not-exist"
eval "${CMD}" > /tmp/foo
exit

輸出

$ ./test.sh 
+ trap bash_backtrace ERR
+ CMD='ls /does-not-exist'
+ eval 'ls /does-not-exist'
++ ls /does-not-exist
ls: cannot access /does-not-exist: No such file or directory
+++ bash_backtrace
+++ echo TEST
+++ ls -l /proc/19650/fd
total 0
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 18 15:57 0 -> /dev/pts/0
l-wx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 18 15:57 1 -> /tmp/foo
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 18 15:57 10 -> /dev/pts/0
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 18 15:57 2 -> /dev/pts/0
lr-x------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 18 15:57 255 -> /home/sbarre/test.sh

因為我的 eval 拋出錯誤並被陷阱擷取，stdout 仍然指向 /tmp/foo。因此，我的陷阱函式中的任何迴聲都將轉到該文件，而不是終端。

如何在陷阱功能中安全地重置它？當腳本本身以重定向其標準輸出的方式執行時，我需要處理。

$ ./test.sh > log.txt

我想將標準輸出“修復”回log.txtfrom/tmp/foo

我已經通過使用exec複製句柄然後在陷阱函式中恢復它們來解決這個問題。這樣，無論腳本啟動時 STDERR 去哪裡，陷阱的輸出也會去那裡。

腳本

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Exit on error. Append "|| true" if you expect an error.
set -o errexit
# Exit on error inside any functions or subshells.
set -o errtrace
# Do not allow use of undefined vars. Use ${VAR:-} to use an undefined VAR
set -o nounset
# Catch the error in case mysqldump fails (but gzip succeeds) in `mysqldump |gzip`
set -o pipefail
# Turn on traces, useful while debugging but commented out by default
set -o xtrace

# Copy STDOUT and STDERR
exec 3>&1 4>&2

bash_backtrace() {
   ls -l /proc/$$/fd >$(tty)
   # Restore STDOUT and STDERR
   exec 1>&3 2>&4
   echo TEST
   echo >&2 ERROR
   ls -l /proc/$$/fd >&2
}

trap bash_backtrace ERR

CMD="ls /does-not-exist"
eval "${CMD}" > /tmp/foo 2> /tmp/bla
exit

輸出

+ exec
+ trap bash_backtrace ERR
+ CMD='ls /does-not-exist'
+ eval 'ls /does-not-exist'
total 0
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 0 -> /dev/pts/0
l-wx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 1 -> /tmp/foo
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 10 -> /dev/pts/0
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 11 -> /dev/pts/0
l-wx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 2 -> /tmp/bla
lr-x------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 255 -> /home/sbarre/test.sh
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 3 -> /dev/pts/0
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 4 -> /dev/pts/0
+++ echo TEST
TEST
+++ echo ERROR
ERROR
+++ ls -l /proc/11910/fd
total 0
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 0 -> /dev/pts/0
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 1 -> /dev/pts/0
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 10 -> /dev/pts/0
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 11 -> /dev/pts/0
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 2 -> /dev/pts/0
lr-x------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 255 -> /home/sbarre/test.sh
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 3 -> /dev/pts/0
lrwx------. 1 sbarre sbarre 64 Apr 19 13:22 4 -> /dev/pts/0

這正是標準錯誤流的用途。

bash_backtrace() {
   echo TEST >&2
   ls -l "/proc/$$/fd" >&2
}

陷阱正在輸出診斷消息 ( TEST)。這不應該是標準輸出，而是標準錯誤。

相關：“進度報告/日誌資訊是否屬於標準錯誤或標準輸出？ ”

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/359805