sudo 在我的 Centos 7.3 上不起作用

我在我的 Centos 7 上花費了相當多的時間sudo。我將本地使用者添加test到/etc/sudoersviavisudo如下：

## Next comes the main part: which users can run what software on
## which machines (the sudoers file can be shared between multiple
## systems).
## Syntax:
##
##      user    MACHINE=COMMANDS
##
## The COMMANDS section may have other options added to it.
##
## Allow root to run any commands anywhere 
root    ALL=(ALL)       ALL 
test    ALL=(ALL)       ALL

還添加test到輪組：

[root@ark-centos-smb4 ~]# groups test
test : bin wheel arkgrp

然後我su到test，並嘗試以 root 身份執行命令，但我收到一條錯誤消息，指出使用者不在 sudoers 文件中。

[root@ark-centos-smb4 ~]# su - test
Last login: Tue Aug  8 01:03:48 PDT 2017 on pts/0
[test@ark-centos-smb4 ~]$ sudo ls /root/
[sudo] password for test:
test is not in the sudoers file.  This incident will be reported.

有趣的是，root使用者也被拒絕執行sudo：

[root@ark-centos-smb4 ~]# sudo ls
root is not allowed to run sudo on ark-centos-smb4.  This incident will be reported.

視覺結果：

[root@ark-centos-smb4 ~]# visudo -c
/etc/sudoers: parsed OK
/etc/sudoers.d/arkgrp-users: parsed OK

sudo -V 結果：

[root@ark-centos-smb4 ~]# sudo -V
Sudo version 1.8.6p7
Configure options: --build=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu --program-prefix= --disable-dependency-tracking --prefix=/usr --exec-prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --sbindir=/usr/sbin --sysconfdir=/etc --datadir=/usr/share --includedir=/usr/include --libdir=/usr/lib64 --libexecdir=/usr/libexec --localstatedir=/var --sharedstatedir=/var/lib --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --prefix=/usr --sbindir=/usr/sbin --libdir=/usr/lib64 --docdir=/usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.6p7 --with-logging=syslog --with-logfac=authpriv --with-pam --with-pam-login --with-editor=/bin/vi --with-env-editor --with-ignore-dot --with-tty-tickets --with-ldap --with-ldap-conf-file=/etc/sudo-ldap.conf --with-selinux --with-passprompt=[sudo] password for %p:  --with-linux-audit --with-sssd --with-gcrypt
Sudoers policy plugin version 1.8.6p7
Sudoers file grammar version 42

Sudoers path: /etc/sudoers
nsswitch path: /etc/nsswitch.conf
ldap.conf path: /etc/sudo-ldap.conf
ldap.secret path: /etc/ldap.secret
Authentication methods: 'pam'
Syslog facility if syslog is being used for logging: authpriv
Syslog priority to use when user authenticates successfully: notice
Syslog priority to use when user authenticates unsuccessfully: alert
Ignore '.' in $PATH
Send mail if the user is not in sudoers
Use a separate timestamp for each user/tty combo
Lecture user the first time they run sudo
Require users to authenticate by default
Root may run sudo
Allow some information gathering to give useful error messages
Visudo will honor the EDITOR environment variable
Set the LOGNAME and USER environment variables
Length at which to wrap log file lines (0 for no wrap): 80
Authentication timestamp timeout: 5.0 minutes
Password prompt timeout: 5.0 minutes
Number of tries to enter a password: 3
Umask to use or 0777 to use user's: 022
Path to mail program: /usr/sbin/sendmail
Flags for mail program: -t
Address to send mail to: root
Subject line for mail messages: *** SECURITY information for %h ***
Incorrect password message: Sorry, try again.
Path to authentication timestamp dir: /var/db/sudo
Default password prompt: [sudo] password for %p:
Default user to run commands as: root
Path to the editor for use by visudo: /bin/vi
When to require a password for 'list' pseudocommand: any
When to require a password for 'verify' pseudocommand: all
File descriptors >= 3 will be closed before executing a command
Reset the environment to a default set of variables
Environment variables to check for sanity:
       TZ
       TERM
       LINGUAS
       LC_*
       LANGUAGE
       LANG
       COLORTERM
Environment variables to remove:
       RUBYOPT
       RUBYLIB
       PYTHONUSERBASE
       PYTHONINSPECT
       PYTHONPATH
       PYTHONHOME
       TMPPREFIX
       ZDOTDIR
       READNULLCMD
       NULLCMD
       FPATH
       PERL5DB
       PERL5OPT
       PERL5LIB
       PERLLIB
       PERLIO_DEBUG
       JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS
       SHELLOPTS
       GLOBIGNORE
       PS4
       BASH_ENV
       ENV
       TERMCAP
       TERMPATH
       TERMINFO_DIRS
       TERMINFO
       _RLD*
       LD_*
       PATH_LOCALE
       NLSPATH
       HOSTALIASES
       RES_OPTIONS
       LOCALDOMAIN
       CDPATH
       IFS
Environment variables to preserve:
       XAUTHORIZATION
       XAUTHORITY
       PS2
       PS1
       PATH
       LS_COLORS
       KRB5CCNAME
       HOSTNAME
       DISPLAY
       COLORS
Locale to use while parsing sudoers: C
Compress I/O logs using zlib
Directory in which to store input/output logs: /var/log/sudo-io
File in which to store the input/output log: %{seq}
Add an entry to the utmp/utmpx file when allocating a pty
Don't pre-resolve all group names
PAM service name to use
PAM service name to use for login shells

Local IP address and netmask pairs:
       192.168.32.26/255.255.252.0
       2001:21:21:32:250:56ff:feb4:720d/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::
       fe80::250:56ff:feb4:720d/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::

Sudoers I/O plugin version 1.8.6p7

/etc/sudoers 非註釋內容：

Defaults   !visiblepw

Defaults    always_set_home

Defaults    env_reset
Defaults    env_keep =  "COLORS DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE KDEDIR LS_COLORS"
Defaults    env_keep += "MAIL PS1 PS2 QTDIR USERNAME LANG LC_ADDRESS LC_CTYPE"
Defaults    env_keep += "LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT LC_MESSAGES"
Defaults    env_keep += "LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE"
Defaults    env_keep += "LC_TIME LC_ALL LANGUAGE LINGUAS _XKB_CHARSET XAUTHORITY"

Defaults    secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

root    ALL=(ALL:ALL)   ALL
test    ALL=(ALL:ALL)   ALL
usera   ALL=(ALL:ALL)   ALL

%wheel  ALL=(ALL)   ALL

## Read drop-in files from /etc/sudoers.d (the # here does not mean a comment)
#includedir /etc/sudoers.d

/etc/sudoers.d/arkgrp-users 內容：

%arkgrp ALL=(ALL) ALL

我通過以下方式將 centos 加入我們的 Windows 域realm join QA.ARKIVIO.COM

[root@ark-centos-smb4 ~]# realm list
qa.arkivio.com
 type: kerberos
 realm-name: QA.ARKIVIO.COM
 domain-name: qa.arkivio.com
 configured: kerberos-member
 server-software: active-directory
 client-software: winbind
 required-package: oddjob-mkhomedir
 required-package: oddjob
 required-package: samba-winbind-clients
 required-package: samba-winbind
 required-package: samba-common-tools
 login-formats: QA\%U
 login-policy: allow-any-login
QA.ARKIVIO.COM
 type: kerberos
 realm-name: QA.ARKIVIO.COM
 domain-name: qa.arkivio.com
 configured: kerberos-member
 server-software: active-directory
 client-software: sssd
 required-package: oddjob
 required-package: oddjob-mkhomedir
 required-package: sssd
 required-package: adcli
 required-package: samba-common-tools
 login-formats: %U@qa.arkivio.com
 login-policy: allow-realm-logins

/etc/sssd/sssd.conf 內容

[sssd]
config_file_version = 2
#services = nss, pam, pac, ssh, ifp
services = nss, pam, pac, ssh, ifp, sudo
#domains = QA
domains = QA.ARKIVIO.COM
#debug_level = 0 - Set this to troubleshoot; 0-10 are valid values
#debug_level = 0
debug_level = 9
#ldap_sasl_authid = host/ark-centos-smb4.qa.arkivio.com@QA.ARKIVIO.COM

[nss]
#filter_users = root,ldap,named,avahi,haldaemon,dbus,radiusd,news,nscd
filter_groups = root
filter_users = root
reconnection_retries = 3

[pam]
reconnection_retries = 3

[domain/QA.ARKIVIO.COM]
ad_domain = QA.ARKIVIO.COM
krb5_realm = QA.ARKIVIO.COM
realmd_tags = manages-system joined-with-samba
cache_credentials = True
id_provider = ad
krb5_store_password_if_offline = True
default_shell = /bin/bash
ldap_id_mapping = True
ldap_schema = ad
#ldap_access_order = expire
#ldap_account_expire_policy = ad
use_fully_qualified_names = True
fallback_homedir = /home/%u@%d
access_provider = ad
auth_provider = ad

/etc/nsswitch.conf 中的 sudo 項

[root@ark-centos-smb4 /]# grep sudo /etc/nsswitch.conf
sudoers:        ldap

請給一些建議。

這裡的問題是，當您將 CentOS 系統加入 Active Directory 域時，該realm命令也被修改/etc/nsswitch.conf為接管以下配置sudo：

grep sudo /etc/nsswitch.conf
sudoers:        ldap

如果要保留本地配置，則sudo需要將其還原為其原始設置：

sudoers:        files

有趣的是，在我已加入 AD 的（Debian 和 Raspbian）系統上，我有一個合併的配置：

sudoers:        files sss

除了分發之外，我很想知道為什麼您的配置不是合併配置，而您的配置是直接通過 LDAP 配置的，而我的配置是通過sssd. （如果有人能夠解釋這一點，我會很高興。但也許這只是分佈差異。）

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/386632