如何在命令行的幫助下列印文件的元數據？

我正在使用安裝了 Nautilus 3.10.1 的Trisquel 7.0。

每當我顯示文件的屬性時，我都會有一個特定於文件的選項卡，例如：圖像、音頻/影片、文件等，它顯示有關它的特殊資訊。

圖像範例：

PDF 文件的範例：

Nautilus 如何獲取此類特定於文件的資訊？

以及如何使用命令行列印此資訊（元數據）？

對於命令行中的第一級資訊，您可以使用file.

$ file gtu.pdf 
gtu.pdf: PDF document, version 1.4

對於大多數格式和更詳細的資訊，您還可以使用 Exiftool：

NAME
      exiftool - Read and write meta information in files

SYNOPSIS
      exiftool [OPTIONS] [-TAG...] [--TAG...] FILE...
      exiftool [OPTIONS] -TAG[+-<]=[VALUE]... FILE...
      exiftool [OPTIONS] -tagsFromFile SRCFILE [-SRCTAG[>DSTTAG]...] FILE...
      exiftool [ -ver | -list[w|f|r|wf|g[NUM]|d|x] ]

      For specific examples, see the EXAMPLES sections below.

      This documentation is displayed if exiftool is run without an input FILE when one is expected.

DESCRIPTION
      A command-line interface to Image::ExifTool, used for reading and writing meta information in a variety of
      file types.  FILE is one or more source file names, directory names, or "-" for the standard input.
      Information is read from source files and printed in readable form to the console (or written to output text
      files with -w).

例子：

$ exiftool IMG_20151104_102543.jpg 
ExifTool Version Number         : 9.46
File Name                       : IMG_20151104_102543.jpg
Directory                       : .
File Size                       : 2.8 MB
File Modification Date/Time     : 2015:11:04 10:25:44+05:30
File Access Date/Time           : 2015:11:17 18:56:49+05:30
File Inode Change Date/Time     : 2015:11:11 14:55:43+05:30
File Permissions                : rwxrwxrwx
File Type                       : JPEG
MIME Type                       : image/jpeg
Exif Byte Order                 : Big-endian (Motorola, MM)
GPS Img Direction               : 0
GPS Date Stamp                  : 2015:11:04
GPS Img Direction Ref           : Magnetic North
GPS Time Stamp                  : 04:55:43
Camera Model Name               : Micromax A121
Aperture Value                  : 2.1
Interoperability Index          : R98 - DCF basic file (sRGB)
Interoperability Version        : 0100
Create Date                     : 2002:12:08 12:00:00
Shutter Speed Value             : 1/808
Color Space                     : sRGB
Date/Time Original              : 2015:11:04 10:25:44
Flashpix Version                : 0100
Exif Image Height               : 2400
Exif Version                    : 0220
Exif Image Width                : 3200
Focal Length                    : 3.5 mm
Flash                           : Auto, Did not fire
Exposure Time                   : 1/809
ISO                             : 100
Components Configuration        : Y, Cb, Cr, -
Y Cb Cr Positioning             : Centered
Y Resolution                    : 72
Resolution Unit                 : inches
X Resolution                    : 72
Make                            : Micromax
Compression                     : JPEG (old-style)
Thumbnail Offset                : 640
Thumbnail Length                : 12029
Image Width                     : 3200
Image Height                    : 2400
Encoding Process                : Baseline DCT, Huffman coding
Bits Per Sample                 : 8
Color Components                : 3
Y Cb Cr Sub Sampling            : YCbCr4:2:0 (2 2)
Aperture                        : 2.1
GPS Date/Time                   : 2015:11:04 04:55:43Z
Image Size                      : 3200x2400
Shutter Speed                   : 1/809
Thumbnail Image                 : (Binary data 12029 bytes, use -b option to extract)
Focal Length                    : 3.5 mm
Light Value                     : 11.9

某些類型的文件也有特定的命令，例如pdf：

$ pdfinfo gtu.pdf 
Title:          Microsoft Word - Thermax Ltd
Author:         User
Creator:        PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2
Producer:       GPL Ghostscript 8.15
CreationDate:   Tue Jan 27 11:51:38 2015
ModDate:        Tue Jan 27 12:30:40 2015
Tagged:         no
Form:           none
Pages:          1
Encrypted:      no
Page size:      612 x 792 pts (letter)
Page rot:       0
File size:      64209 bytes
Optimized:      yes
PDF version:    1.4

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/243509