如何正確擦除和使用 CD-RW

有這張 CD-RW，我一直用它來刻錄發行版的 CD。突然之間，它就像一張普通的 CD。

當我安裝它時，它以這種方式安裝：

- Proprietary: Root
- Access: Read only
- Group: Root
- Access: Read only
- Other: Read only

我想我可以手動將它安裝為讀寫。這些是結果：

alex@Sargon:~$ sudo mount -o rw '/media/cdrom0'
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

我讀到這個“防寫”是寫在 CD-RW 上的東西，以防它在刻錄時被“最終確定”，但應該可以通過擦除 CD 來消除它。想，如果我嘗試這樣做 via wodim，就會發生這種情況：

alex@Sargon:~$ wodim --devices
wodim: No such file or directory. 
Cannot open SCSI driver!
For possible targets try 'wodim --devices' or 'wodim -scanbus'.
For possible transport specifiers try 'wodim dev=help'.
For IDE/ATAPI devices configuration, see the file README.ATAPI.setup from
the wodim documentation.

關於如何進行的想法？

編輯 2019 年 11 月 1 日至 6 日

我按照@telcoM 的說明進行操作，得到了一些結果。

我能夠安裝lsscsi並得到這個輸出：

alex@Sargon:~$ lsscsi -g
[0:0:0:0]    disk    ATA      ST500LT012-1DG14 SDM1  /dev/sda   /dev/sg0 
[1:0:0:0]    cd/dvd  HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GUA0N     1.00  /dev/sr0   /dev/sg1 

所以wodim能夠得到一些結果。在我看來，它將它辨識為正確的 CD-RW 光碟：

alex@Sargon:~$ wodim dev=/dev/sg1 --prcap
wodim: Operation not permitted. Warning: Cannot raise RLIMIT_MEMLOCK limits.
Device type    : Removable CD-ROM
Version        : 5
Response Format: 2
Capabilities   : 
Vendor_info    : 'HL-DT-ST'
Identification : 'DVDRAM GUA0N    '
Revision       : '1.00'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.

Drive capabilities, per MMC-3 page 2A:

 Does read CD-R media
 Does write CD-R media
 Does read CD-RW media
 Does write CD-RW media
 Does read DVD-ROM media
 Does read DVD-R media
 Does write DVD-R media
 Does read DVD-RAM media
 Does write DVD-RAM media
 Does support test writing

 Does read Mode 2 Form 1 blocks
 Does read Mode 2 Form 2 blocks
 Does read digital audio blocks
 Does restart non-streamed digital audio reads accurately
 Does support Buffer-Underrun-Free recording
 Does read multi-session CDs
 Does read fixed-packet CD media using Method 2
 Does not read CD bar code
 Does read R-W subcode information
 Does return R-W subcode de-interleaved and error-corrected
 Does read raw P-W subcode data from lead in
 Does return CD media catalog number
 Does return CD ISRC information
 Does support C2 error pointers
 Does not deliver composite A/V data

 Does play audio CDs
 Number of volume control levels: 256
 Does support individual volume control setting for each channel
 Does support independent mute setting for each channel
 Does not support digital output on port 1
 Does not support digital output on port 2

 Loading mechanism type: tray
 Does support ejection of CD via START/STOP command
 Does not lock media on power up via prevent jumper
 Does allow media to be locked in the drive via PREVENT/ALLOW command
 Is currently in a media-locked state
 Does not support changing side of disk
 Does not have load-empty-slot-in-changer feature
 Does not support Individual Disk Present feature

 Maximum read  speed:  4234 kB/s (CD  24x, DVD  3x)
 Current read  speed:  4234 kB/s (CD  24x, DVD  3x)
 Maximum write speed:  1764 kB/s (CD  10x, DVD  1x)
 Current write speed:  1764 kB/s (CD  10x, DVD  1x)
 Rotational control selected: CLV/PCAV
 Buffer size in KB: 512
 Copy management revision supported: 1
 Number of supported write speeds: 1
 Write speed # 0:  1764 kB/s CLV/PCAV (CD  10x, DVD  1x)

Supported CD-RW media types according to MMC-4 feature 0x37:
 Does write multi speed       CD-RW media
 Does write high  speed       CD-RW media
 Does write ultra high speed  CD-RW media
 Does write ultra high speed+ CD-RW media

我仍然不確定此時該做什麼。

與此同時，我嘗試使用k3b，它也無法擦除磁碟並得到以下輸出：

Devices
-----------------------
HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GUA0N 1.00 (/dev/sr0, CD-R, CD-RW, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-R DL, DVD+R, DVD+RW, DVD+R DL) [DVD-ROM, DVD-R Sequential, DVD-R Dual Layer Sequential, DVD-R Dual Layer Jump, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW Restricted Overwrite, DVD-RW Sequential, DVD+RW, DVD+R, DVD+R Dual Layer, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW] [SAO, TAO, RAW, SAO/R96P, SAO/R96R, RAW/R16, RAW/R96P, RAW/R96R, Restricted Overwrite, Layer Jump] [%7]

System
-----------------------
K3b Version: 2.0.3
KDE Version: 4.14.26
QT Version:  4.8.7
Kernel:      4.9.0-11-amd64

Used versions
-----------------------
cdrecord: 1.1.11

cdrecord
-----------------------
scsidev: '/dev/sr0'
devname: '/dev/sr0'
scsibus: -2 target: -2 lun: -2
Linux sg driver version: 3.5.27
Wodim version: 1.1.11
SCSI buffer size: 64512
Beginning DMA speed test. Set CDR_NODMATEST environment variable if device
communication breaks or freezes immediately after that.
TOC Type: 1 = CD-ROM
Driveropts: 'burnfree'
Device type    : Removable CD-ROM
Version        : 5
Response Format: 2
Capabilities   : 
Vendor_info    : 'HL-DT-ST'
Identification : 'DVDRAM GUA0N    '
Revision       : '1.00'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.
Current: 0x000A (CD-RW)
Profile: 0x0015 (DVD-R/DL sequential recording) 
Profile: 0x0016 (DVD-R/DL layer jump recording) 
Profile: 0x002B (DVD+R/DL) 
Profile: 0x001B (DVD+R) 
Profile: 0x001A (DVD+RW) 
Profile: 0x0014 (DVD-RW sequential recording) 
Profile: 0x0013 (DVD-RW restricted overwrite) 
Profile: 0x0012 (DVD-RAM) 
Profile: 0x0011 (DVD-R sequential recording) 
Profile: 0x0010 (DVD-ROM) 
Profile: 0x000A (CD-RW) (current)
Profile: 0x0009 (CD-R) 
Profile: 0x0008 (CD-ROM) 
Profile: 0x0002 (Removable disk) 
Using generic SCSI-3/mmc   CD-R/CD-RW driver (mmc_cdr).
Driver flags   : MMC-3 SWABAUDIO BURNFREE 
Supported modes: TAO PACKET SAO SAO/R96P SAO/R96R RAW/R16 RAW/R96P RAW/R96R
Drive buf size : 362208 = 353 KB
Speed set to 1764 KB/s
Current Secsize: 2048
ATIP info from disk:
 Indicated writing power: 2
 Reference speed: 6
 Is not unrestricted
 Is erasable
 Disk sub type: High speed Rewritable (CAV) media (1)
 ATIP start of lead in:  -11077 (97:34/23)
 ATIP start of lead out: 359849 (79:59/74)
 1T speed low:  4 1T speed high: 10
 2T speed low:  2 2T speed high: 10
 power mult factor: 2 6
 recommended erase/write power: 5
 A1 values: 24 2C DC
 A2 values: 14 A4 4A
 A3 values: 04 C4 80
Disk type:    Phase change
Manuf. index: 11
Manufacturer: Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed  10.0 in real BLANK mode for single session.
Last chance to quit, starting real write in    2 seconds.
  1 seconds.
  0 seconds. Operation starts.
Performing OPC...
Blanking PMA, TOC, pregap
Errno: 5 (Input/output error), blank unit scsi sendcmd: no error
CDB:  A1 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 71 00 03 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 51 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x3 Medium Error, deferred error, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x51 Qual 0x00 (erase failure) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid) 
cmd finished after 17.009s timeout 9600s
/usr/bin/wodim: Cannot blank disk, aborting.
/usr/bin/wodim: Some drives do not support all blank types.
/usr/bin/wodim: Try again with wodim blank=all.

cdrecord command:
-----------------------
/usr/bin/wodim -v gracetime=2 dev=/dev/sr0 speed=10 -tao driveropts=burnfree blank=fast

我嘗試更改權限k3bsetup並嘗試將刻錄組設置為alex，但它沒有改變任何內容。

編輯 2 - 那天晚些時候……

我嘗試wodim按照以下建議擦除磁碟：

alex@Sargon:~$ wodim dev=/dev/sg1 blank=all -force
Device type    : Removable CD-ROM
Version        : 5
Response Format: 2
Capabilities   : 
Vendor_info    : 'HL-DT-ST'
Identification : 'DVDRAM GUA0N    '
Revision       : '1.00'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.
Using generic SCSI-3/mmc   CD-R/CD-RW driver (mmc_cdr).
Driver flags   : MMC-3 SWABAUDIO BURNFREE 
Supported modes: TAO PACKET SAO SAO/R96P SAO/R96R RAW/R16 RAW/R96P RAW/R96R
Speed set to 1764 KB/s
Waiting for drive to calm down.
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed  10.0 in real force BLANK mode for single session.
Last chance to quit, starting real write in    0 seconds. Operation starts.
Errno: 5 (Input/output error), blank unit scsi sendcmd: no error
CDB:  A1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 71 00 03 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 51 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x3 Medium Error, deferred error, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x51 Qual 0x00 (erase failure) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid) 
cmd finished after 24.064s timeout 9600s
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed  10.0 in real force BLANK mode for single session.
No chance to quit anymore. Operation starts.
Errno: 5 (Input/output error), blank unit scsi sendcmd: no error
CDB:  A1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 71 00 03 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 51 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x3 Medium Error, deferred error, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x51 Qual 0x00 (erase failure) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid) 
cmd finished after 16.381s timeout 9600s
wodim: Cannot blank disk, aborting.

我也嘗試過使用root權限，但方法相同。

在嘗試了幾個程序、gui，甚至切換到 Windows 之後，我想知道問題是否與驅動器有關。

啊啊啊……原來如此。我只是去了另一台電腦，並能夠在 30 秒內將其擦除。

不知道為什麼我可以刻錄但不能通過這個擦除。去搞清楚。

儘管如此，感謝@telcoM 的努力。

你有lsscsi可用的命令，或者你可以安裝它嗎？如果可能，執行lsscsi -g並從列表中辨識您的 CD-RW 驅動器。

您的 CD-RW 驅動器可能是/dev/sr0，但它也會有一個/dev/sg*與之關聯的設備。這是“通用 SCSI 設備”，允許向驅動器發送更專業的命令。lsscsi -g輸出應指示哪個通用 SCSI 設備對應於您的 CD-RW 驅動器。

一旦您知道您的 CD-RW 驅動器可以訪問，例如/dev/sg1，您可以嘗試wodim dev=/dev/sg1 --prcap。如果該命令生成一長串 CD/DVD 功能以及您的驅動器對它們中的每一個的支持，那麼您已經dev=為您的驅動器找到了正確的參數。

似乎某些更改導致wodim無法自動檢測設備：在我的 Debian 10 系統上，同樣的事情發生了，但如果我手動指定/dev/sg*設備，它就可以工作。wodim您可以使用/etc/wodim.conf將特定設備參數設為 的預設值wodim，這樣您就不必繼續輸入它了。

將 CD-RW 掛載為正常可寫文件系統需要寫入數據包，您可以使用/dev/pktcdvd/pktcdvd0而不是正常/dev/sr0CD 設備。但是，該pktcdvd驅動程序已被 Linux 核心開發人員標記為已棄用，因為顯然很少有人使用它。該驅動程序尚未從核心原始碼中刪除，但在棄用通知之後，某些發行版可能已將其從其標準核心配置中刪除。

wodim即使看起來無法擦除，也要擦除（空白）您的 CDRW ：

wodim dev=/dev/sg1 blank=all -force

為了擺脫指定dev=參數的需要，您可以編輯/etc/wodim.conf以製作/dev/sg1預設設備，分兩步：

1.) 通過將此行添加到文件末尾來為設備添加一個暱稱“刻錄機”：

burner=    /dev/sg1 -1  -1  burnfree

2.) 編輯CDR_DEVICE文件開頭附近的設置以使用暱稱：

#CDR_DEVICE=cdrom  # this line commented out and the next line added
CDR_DEVICE=burner

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/550571