Apt 拒絕從 Debian backports 安裝核心韌體包
為了讓我的 Ryzen 集成 GPU 正常工作，並最終嘗試將螢幕解析度設置為 1024x768 以上，我的理解是我至少需要 Linux 4.15。
我正在使用 4.9 上的 Debian Stretch。所以我聽說了“backports”（https://backports.debian.org/Instructions/）並被告知添加以下行：
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-backports main到 /etc/apt/sources.list。我已經這樣做了，並且我已經執行了
apt-get update.這使得 4.17 核心映像 (linux-image-4.17.0-0.bpo.3-amd64) 在包管理器中可用，我很高興地安裝了它，核心啟動並執行良好。
下一條錯誤消息是：
[drm:amdgpu_pci_probe [amdgpu]] *ERROR* amdgpu requires firmware installed See https://wiki.debian.org/Firmware for information about missing firmware好的…..所以我也需要將核心韌體包升級到向後移植的版本。
我在這里卡住了。
我在 Synaptic 中看不到任何韌體包的任何反向移植版本。Debian backports 說明頁面建議使用
-tapt-get 的 (target?) 參數來選擇 backports 儲存庫或其他任何東西，但這並沒有帶來任何成功。這是我正在執行的命令：
root@debian:~# apt-get -t stretch-backports install firmware-linux Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package firmware-linux is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source However the following packages replace it: firmware-misc-nonfree E: Package 'firmware-linux' has no installation candidate root@debian:~# apt-get -t stretch-backports install firmware-linux-nonfree Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package firmware-linux-nonfree is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source However the following packages replace it: firmware-misc-nonfree E: Package 'firmware-linux-nonfree' has no installation candidate root@debian:~# apt-get -t stretch-backports install firmware-misc-nonfree Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done firmware-misc-nonfree is already the newest version (20161130-3) 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 212 not upgraded root@debian:~# apt-get -t stretch-backports install firmware-linux-free Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done firmware-linux-free is already the newest version (3.4) 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 212 not upgraded我不知道我要安裝的哪個軟體包是我真正想要的，但關鍵是沒有看到它們中的任何一個。但我知道它們存在，因為它們在網上列出：https ://packages.debian.org/stretch-backports/firmware-linux （版本：20180518-1~bpo9+1）。
從昨晚開始，我一直在努力說服 apt 承認這一事實，但沒有成功。
我的 sources.list 中的行是：
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ stretch/updates main deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ stretch/updates main deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ stretch-backports main
是
firmware-linux一個non-free軟體。您應該將非免費添加到您的 URL。編輯您
/etc/apt/sources.list的如下：deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch main contrib non-free deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main contrib non-free ### backports### deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free要從 backports 安裝軟體包：
apt update apt -t stretch-backports install firmware-linux