Debian 打包：mk-build-deps 無法安裝特定版本的 Build-Depends 軟體包

我需要建構一個依賴於特定版本的第三方庫的項目：

➜  cat debian/control 
Source: libhole-cpp
Priority: optional
Maintainer: Vitaly Isaev <isaev@embarce.ro>
Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9), cmake, 
   flatbuffers (= 1.2.0-1),
   libboost-dev,
   libboost-system-dev,
   catch
Standards-Version: 3.9.5

但是，我們的 repo 中有幾個flatbuffers包，包括較新的包：

➜  apt-cache policy flatbuffers
flatbuffers:
 Installed: (none)
 Candidate: 1.4.0-17
 Version table:
    1.4.0-17 500
       500 http://repo12.mailbuild-2.embarce.ro xenial/local amd64 Packages
    1.2.0-1 500
       500 http://repo12.mailbuild-2.embarce.ro xenial/local amd64 Packages

在這種情況下mk-build-deps拒絕安裝所需版本的軟體包：

➜  sudo mk-build-deps --install debian/control
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
dh_prep
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
dh_install
dh_installdocs
dh_installchangelogs
dh_compress
dh_fixperms
dh_installdeb
dh_gencontrol
dh_md5sums
dh_builddeb
dpkg-deb: building package 'libhole-cpp-build-deps' in '../libhole-cpp-build-deps_1.0.1ubuntu1_all.deb'.

The package has been created.
Attention, the package has been created in the current directory,
not in ".." as indicated by the message above!
Selecting previously unselected package libhole-cpp-build-deps.
(Reading database ... 68846 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack libhole-cpp-build-deps_1.0.1ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libhole-cpp-build-deps (1.0.1ubuntu1) ...
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies...Starting pkgProblemResolver with broken count: 1
Starting 2 pkgProblemResolver with broken count: 1
Investigating (0) libhole-cpp-build-deps [ amd64 ] < 1.0.1ubuntu1 > ( devel )
Broken libhole-cpp-build-deps:amd64 Depends on flatbuffers [ amd64 ] < none -> 1.4.0-17 > ( devel ) (= 1.2.0-1)
 Considering flatbuffers:amd64 0 as a solution to libhole-cpp-build-deps:amd64 -2
 Removing libhole-cpp-build-deps:amd64 rather than change flatbuffers:amd64
Done
Done
Starting pkgProblemResolver with broken count: 0
Starting 2 pkgProblemResolver with broken count: 0
Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
 libhole-cpp-build-deps
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 9216 B disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 68850 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing libhole-cpp-build-deps (1.0.1ubuntu1) ...
mk-build-deps: Unable to install libhole-cpp-build-deps at /usr/bin/mk-build-deps line 402.
mk-build-deps: Unable to install all build-dep packages
➜  libhole-cpp git:(v12) ✗ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

誰能澄清我的建構工具鏈有什麼問題？作業系統是 Ubuntu 16.04。

tldr;

通過以下方式委託給aspcud求解器apt-cudf-get：

mk-build-deps \
   --install \
   --remove \
   --tool \
   'apt-cudf-get --solver aspcud -o APT::Get::Assume-Yes=1 -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=0 -o APT::Install-Recommends=0' \
   debian/control

解釋

這個解決方案與Johannes Schauer的不同之處在於……

• 它使用apt-cudf-get而不是apt-get

• 它省略了以下選項（在我的測試中不起作用）：

  • -o APT::Solver::Strict-Pinning=false
  • -o APT::Solver::aspcud::Preferences="-new,-removed,-changed"

• 它添加了以下選項：

  • -o APT::Get::Assume-Yes=1（以非互動方式安裝包）
  • -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=1（mk-build-deps --tool預設）
  • -o APT::Install-Recommends=0（mk-build-deps --tool預設）

參考：

• “mk-build-deps 無法安裝特定版本的 Build-Depends 軟體包”的 debian-devel 郵件列表執行緒索引：https ://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2016/08/threads.html#00442

  • Vitaly Isaev 啟動執行緒：https ://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2016/08/msg00442.html
  • Johannes Schauer，提議 aspcud：https ://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2016/08/msg00446.html

• aspcud

  • 首頁：https ://potassco.org/aspcud/
  • 原始碼庫：https ://github.com/potassco/aspcud

• apt-cudfDebian 軟體包：https ://packages.debian.org/stable/apt-cudf

• apt-cudfDebian 手冊頁：https ://manpages.debian.org/stable/apt-cudf/apt-cudf-get.8.html

• apt-cudf-getDebian 手冊頁：https ://manpages.debian.org/stable/apt-cudf/apt-cudf.1.html

• mk-build-depsDebian 手冊頁：https ://manpages.debian.org/stable/devscripts/mk-build-deps.1.html

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/305645