Debian
Debian：以下軟體包已被保留…. odbcinst AND odbcinst1debian2
問題：
我有這兩個包裹
held back for weeks now，我無法擺脫它們，The following packages have been kept back: odbcinst odbcinst1debian2看這裡：
[10:53:34][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo apt upgrade --with-new-pkgs Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following packages have been kept back: odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded. [10:53:44][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo apt-get upgrade --with-new-pkgs Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following packages have been kept back: odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded. [10:53:53][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo apt dist-upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following packages have been kept back: odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded. [10:55:08][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo apt install odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: amarok-common amarok-utils apper apper-data avogadro-data cdparanoia cdrdao clamz debconf-kde-data debconf-kde-helper dvd+rw-tools espeak-ng-data festival festival-freebsoft-utils festlex-cmu festlex-poslex festvox-kallpc16k gnome-orca gnugo growisofs icoutils k3b-data kalzium-data kate-data kde-baseapps-data kde-runtime-data kdegames-card-data kdegames-mahjongg-data ktorrent-data ktouch-data kwrite libakonadiprotocolinternals1 libatk-adaptor libavogadro1 libdebconf-kde1 libdiscid0 libdmtx0a libdotconf0 libespeak-ng1 libestools2.4 libgadu3 libgpgme++2v5 libgpod-common libgpod4 libgpod4-nogtk libjs-mootools libkactivities6 libkcalcore4 libkcmutils4 libkcompactdisc4 libkdeclarative5 libkdesu5 libkdnssd4 libkexiv2-11 libkexiv2-data libkidletime4 libkimap4 libkjsapi4 libkjsembed4 libkldap4 libkmime4 libkntlm4 libkonq5-templates libkpty4 libkresources4 libkrosscore4 libksane0 libkunitconversion4 liblastfm1 liblimba0 libloudmouth1-0 libmariadbd18 libmeanwhile1 libmediastreamer-base3 libmusicbrainz5cc2v5 libmygpo-qt1 libntrack-qt4-1 libntrack0 libopenbabel4v5 libortp9 libotr5 libpcaudio0 libperl4-corelibs-perl libphonon4 libpolkit-qt-1-1 libpoppler-qt4-4 libprison0 libqaccessibilityclient0 libqca2 libqca2-plugin-ossl libqca2-plugins libqimageblitz4 libqjson0 libqmobipocket1 libqrencode3 libqtassistantclient4 libqtscript4-core libqtscript4-gui libqtscript4-network libqtscript4-sql libqtscript4-uitools libqtscript4-xml libqtwebkit4 libsgutils2-2 libsolid4 libsonic0 libspeechd2 libtag-extras1 libthreadweaver4 ntrack-module-libnl-0 oxygen-icon-theme palapeli-data phonon phonon-backend-gstreamer phonon-backend-gstreamer-common polkit-kde-1 python-attr python-avogadro python-click python-colorama python-constantly python-incremental python-openssl python-pam python-pyasn1-modules python-qt4 python-qt4-sql python-serial python-service-identity python-sip python-twisted-bin python-twisted-core python-zope.interface python3-brlapi python3-louis python3-pyatspi python3-speechd qhull-bin qtdeclarative4-kqtquickcharts-1 sound-icons sound-theme-freedesktop speech-dispatcher speech-dispatcher-audio-plugins speech-dispatcher-espeak-ng speech-dispatcher-festival vcdimager xbrlapi Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. The following packages will be REMOVED: amarok dolphin4 jovie juk k3b k3b-i18n kaccessible kajongg kalzium katepart kcachegrind kchmviewer kde-baseapps kde-baseapps-bin kde-config-cddb kde-full kde-games-core-declarative kde-plasma-desktop kde-runtime kde-standard kdeaccessibility kdeadmin kdeedu kdegames kdegraphics kdegraphics-mobipocket kdelibs-bin kdelibs5-plugins kdemultimedia kdenetwork kdepasswd kdepimlibs-kio-plugins kdesdk kdesdk-kio-plugins kdesdk-misc kdesudo kdeutils kdewebdev kdoctools kfilereplace kfind kget kgoldrunner kgpg kigo kimagemapeditor kio-audiocd kio-mtp klinkstatus kmag kmousetool kmouth kmtrace kolf kommander konq-plugins konqueror konqueror-nsplugins konquest kopete kpart-webkit kpartloader kppp kremotecontrol kreversi ksaneplugin kscd ksirk ksnakeduel kspaceduel ksudoku ktorrent ktouch kubrick kuiviewer kuser libakonadi-contact4 libakonadi-kde4 libakonadi-kmime4 libiodbc2 libk3b6 libk3b6-extracodecs libkabc4 libkatepartinterfaces4 libkcddb4 libkde3support4 libkdegames6abi1 libkdegamesprivate1abi1 libkdewebkit5 libkemoticons4 libkfile4 libkhtml5 libkio5 libkmediaplayer4 libknewstuff2-4 libknewstuff3-4 libknotifyconfig4 libkonq-common libkonq5abi1 libkonqsidebarplugin4a libkopete4 libkparts4 libkpimidentities4 libkpimtextedit4 libkpimutils4 libkprintutils4 libkrossui4 libktexteditor4 libktorrent-l10n libktorrent5 libkxmlrpcclient4 libmailtransport4 libnepomuk4 libnepomukquery4a libnepomukutils4 libokularcore7 libplasma3 libreoffice-kde libsoprano4 libsyndication4 lskat okular palapeli plasma-scriptengine-javascript python-kde4 soprano-daemon svgpart sweeper task-kde-desktop The following packages will be upgraded: odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 129 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 147 kB of archives. After this operation, 231 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n]n我試過的：
根據debian-administration.org上的一篇文章，
If the dependencies have changed on one of the packages you have installed so that a new package must be installed to perform the upgrade then that will be listed as "kept-back".謹慎的解決方案1：
根據Pablo 的回答，您可以執行
sudo apt-get --with-new-pkgs upgrade，它會安裝保留的軟體包。這樣做的好處是不會將保留的軟體包標記為“手動安裝”，這可能會迫使更多的使用者干預（見評論）。
如果 Pablo 的解決方案適合您，請點贊。如果沒有，請評論出了什麼問題。
謹慎的解決方案2：
謹慎的解決方案是執行
sudo apt-get install <list of packages kept back>。在大多數情況下，這將為保留的軟體包提供成功升級所需的內容。激進的解決方案：
更激進的解決方案是 run
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade，這將強制安裝這些新的依賴項。但
dist-upgrade可能非常危險。與升級不同，它可能會刪除軟體包以解決複雜的依賴情況。與您不同，APT 並不總是足夠聰明，無法知道這些添加和刪除是否會造成嚴重破壞。因此，如果您發現自己處於“謹慎解決方案”不起作用的地方，
dist-upgrade可能會起作用……但是您最好了解更多有關 APT 的知識並通過安裝和刪除“手動”解決依賴問題根據具體情況打包。把它想像成修理汽車……如果你有時間並且可以用扳手方便，通過閱讀和自己修理你會得到一些安心。如果你覺得幸運的話，你可以把你的車交給你的表妹
dist-upgrade，希望她知道她的事情。我也試過：
[11:06:55][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo aptitude safe-upgrade Resolving dependencies... No packages will be installed, upgraded, or removed. 0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B of archives. After unpacking 0 B will be used.問題：
如何解決這個問題並擺脫這個惱人的警告？
apt policy odbcinst odbcinst1debian2節目odbcinst: Installed: 2.3.4-1 Candidate: 2.3.7 Version table: 2.3.7 500 500 https://packages.microsoft.com/debian/9/prod stretch/main amd64 Packages *** 2.3.4-1 500 500 http://deb.debian.org/debian stable/main amd64 Packages 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status odbcinst1debian2: Installed: 2.3.4-1 Candidate: 2.3.7 Version table: 2.3.7 500 500 https://packages.microsoft.com/debian/9/prod stretch/main amd64 Packages *** 2.3.4-1 500 500 http://deb.debian.org/debian stable/main amd64 Packages 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
您已經添加了 Microsoft 儲存庫，其中包含更新版本的
odbcinst軟體包，以及與 KDE 衝突的那些（它們“破壞”libiodc2，KDE 需要通過soprano-daemon和libsoprano4）。所以你需要選擇：要麼保留 KDE，要麼升級到新的
odbcinst軟體包；你不能兩者兼得。要擺脫“警告”，您可以將 Microsoft 儲存庫固定到嚴格低於 100 的優先級，如下所示：
nano /etc/apt/preferences.d/proxmox並插入：
Package: * Pin: origin packages.microsoft.com Pin-Priority: 70