Debian
dpkg 在安裝 python 包時返回錯誤（Debian）
在嘗試安裝 pdfshuffler（來自 Debian repo）後，出現了與依賴問題相關的錯誤。似乎需要 python-pypdf2 包，所以我嘗試安裝它，但我得到了相同的錯誤消息。在查找了類似的問題後，我嘗試了 apt-get clean、install-f、autoremove 等，但它沒有用，並且處理過程中遇到的錯誤列表不斷增加。我留下了 apt-get upgrade 後得到的錯誤：
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following packages have been kept back: mendeleydesktop 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded. 15 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Setting up python-crypto (2.6.1-7) ... Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import optparse File "/usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py", line 1557 print(self.get_usage(), file=file) ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax dpkg: error processing package python-crypto (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Setting up python-wheel (0.29.0-2) ... Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import optparse File "/usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py", line 1557 print(self.get_usage(), file=file) ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax dpkg: error processing package python-wheel (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Setting up python-roman (2.0.0-2) ... Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import optparse File "/usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py", line 1557 print(self.get_usage(), file=file) ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax dpkg: error processing package python-roman (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Setting up python-pypdf2 (1.26.0-2) ... Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import optparse File "/usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py", line 1557 print(self.get_usage(), file=file) ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax dpkg: error processing package python-pypdf2 (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-keyrings.alt: python-keyrings.alt depends on python-crypto; however: Package python-crypto is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package python-keyrings.alt (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Setting up python-gi (3.22.0-2) ... Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import optparse File "/usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py", line 1557 print(self.get_usage(), file=file) ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax dpkg: error processing package python-gi (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Setting up python-epydoc (3.0.1+dfsg-14) ... Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import optparse File "/usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py", line 1557 print(self.get_usage(), file=file) ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax dpkg: error processing package python-epydoc (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of pdfshuffler: pdfshuffler depends on python-pypdf2 | python-pypdf (>= 1.10); however: Package python-pypdf2 is not configured yet. Package python-pypdf is not installed. dpkg: error processing package pdfshuffler (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Setting up python-dbus (1.2.4-1+b1) ... Remove stale byte-compiled files... Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import optparse File "/usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py", line 1557 print(self.get_usage(), file=file) ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax dpkg: error processing package python-dbus (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Setting up python-xdg (0.25-4) ... Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 27, in <module> import optparse File "/usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py", line 1557 print(self.get_usage(), file=file) ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax dpkg: error processing package python-xdg (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-secretstorage: python-secretstorage depends on python-dbus; however: Package python-dbus is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package python-secretstorage (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-docutils: python-docutils depends on python-roman; however: Package python-roman is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package python-docutils (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-keyring: python-keyring depends on python-dbus; however: Package python-dbus is not configured yet. python-keyring depends on python-secretstorage; however: Package python-secretstorage is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package python-keyring (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-gobject: python-gobject depends on python-gi (>= 3.22.0-2); however: Package python-gi is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package python-gobject (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-poppler: python-poppler depends on python-gobject (>= 2.10.1); however: Package python-gobject is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package python-poppler (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Errors were encountered while processing: python-crypto python-wheel python-roman python-pypdf2 python-keyrings.alt python-gi python-epydoc pdfshuffler python-dbus python-xdg python-secretstorage python-docutils python-keyring python-gobject python-poppler E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
sudo apt-get install當我嘗試使用任何 python-PACKAGE時，它會得到類似的結果。我還嘗試編輯 /var/lib/dpkg/status 文件，刪除未正確安裝或配置的 python 包的條目，但沒有幫助（嘗試重新安裝或刪除這些包時再次出現相同的問題）。任何的想法？
謝謝！
（系統：Debian Stretch w/KDE Plasma。I7 8500U 16Gb）
根據Filipe Branderburger的評論，我查找了 optparse.py 中的錯誤：
eric@debian:~$ dpkg -S /usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py libpython2.7-minimal:amd64: /usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py eric@debian:~$ dpkg -V libpython2.7-minimal ??5?????? /usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py eric@debian:~$ ls -l /usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py -rw-r--r-- 1 eric eric 60337 Mar 20 00:01 /usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py eric@debian:~$ readlink -f /usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py /usr/lib/python2.7/optparse.py是不是表示md5sum驗證失敗了？
因此，您的 Python 2.7 安裝中的文件似乎
optparse.py已損壞。更具體地說，它似乎已被optparse.pyPython 3 的副本覆蓋和替換。的輸出
dpkg -V顯示了檢查所有者、組、模式等的許多欄位。5輸出中的 表示系統中文件的 MD5 校驗和與包清單中的不匹配。（也就是說，安裝包後內容已經被修改過。）不太確定如何找出可能導致這種情況的原因…如果您以 root 身份安裝了 Python 模組，使用的不是您的 OS 包分發，那可以解釋它…也許如果您使用
pip? 雖然pip通常擅長將 Python 2 和 Python 3 模組分開……另外，我不明白為什麼它會optparse.py特別觸及……在任何情況下，要解決此問題，您可以要求 apt-get 重新安裝軟體包，這應該可以修復損壞：
$ sudo apt-get install --reinstall libpython2.7-minimal