Debian
如何在 debian 包中應用更新檔？
我送出了一個錯誤報告，並被要求在其中應用更新檔並查看它是否有效。我試圖找到有關如何執行此操作的文件，但尚不清楚。
我能弄清楚的最接近的是http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2014/12/patch-command-examples/。
我通過 apt-get 在名為 dpkg 的目錄下下載了最新的原始碼 -
$ sudo apt-get source dpkg這就是它的樣子——
[shirish@debian] - [~/games/dpkg] - [5692] └─[$] pwd /home/shirish/games/dpkg那就是路徑，它就是——
┌─[shirish@debian] - [~/games/dpkg] - [5691] └─[$] ls d-m-h-verbose-version-check.patch dpkg-1.18.15 dpkg_1.18.15.dsc dpkg_1.18.15.tar.xz我想在應用更新檔之前進行備份並進行試執行，但需要知道我應該期待什麼命令和輸出。另外，我通常使用 -
$ fakeroot debian/rules build $ fakeroot debian/rules binary建構本地 deb 包。這夠好嗎？
更新 1 - 那沒用 -
┌─[shirish@debian] - [~/games/dpkg] - [5710] └─[$] cd dpkg-1.18.15 ┌─[shirish@debian] - [~/games/dpkg/dpkg-1.18.15] - [5711] └─[$] dch -n "Apply d-m-h fix from #844701." dch: fatal error at line 569: debian/changelog is not writable!所以我是否需要使用 sudo 來獲得寫訪問權限或使用 chmod 來更改權限/權限。我想以正確的方式去做。
更新 2 - 重做整個事情，這次以正確的方式，停留在修補階段 -
┌─[shirish@debian] - [~/games] - [5750] └─[$] apt-get source dpkg Reading package lists... Done NOTICE: 'dpkg' packaging is maintained in the 'Git' version control system at: https://anonscm.debian.org/git/dpkg/dpkg.git Please use: git clone https://anonscm.debian.org/git/dpkg/dpkg.git to retrieve the latest (possibly unreleased) updates to the package. Skipping already downloaded file 'dpkg_1.18.15.dsc' Skipping already downloaded file 'dpkg_1.18.15.tar.xz' Need to get 0 B of source archives. dpkg-source: info: extracting dpkg in dpkg-1.18.15 dpkg-source: info: unpacking dpkg_1.18.15.tar.xz然後 -
┌─[shirish@debian] - [~] - [5755] └─[$] cp d-m-h-verbose-version-check.patch games/dpkg-1.18.15然後 -
┌─[shirish@debian] - [~/games/dpkg-1.18.15] - [5758] └─[$] ls ABOUT-NLS ChangeLog configure debian dpkg-split m4 NEWS run-script t-func aclocal.m4 ChangeLog.old configure.ac d-m-h-verbose-version-check.patch dselect Makefile.am po scripts THANKS AUTHORS check.am COPYING doc get-version Makefile.in README src TODO build-aux config.h.in data dpkg-deb lib man README.l10n t utils進而 -
┌─[shirish@debian] - [~/games/dpkg-1.18.15] - [5757] └─[$] patch < ./d-m-h-verbose-version-check.patch (Stripping trailing CRs from patch; use --binary to disable.) can't find file to patch at input line 5 Perhaps you should have used the -p or --strip option? The text leading up to this was: -------------------------- |diff --git i/scripts/dpkg-maintscript-helper.sh w/scripts/dpkg-maintscript-helper.sh |index f20d82647..8db4a4088 100755 |--- i/scripts/dpkg-maintscript-helper.sh |+++ w/scripts/dpkg-maintscript-helper.sh -------------------------- File to patch:現在迷茫怎麼辦？
更新 3 -
用
-p1參數做了它並做了剩下的步驟 -共享建構的最後 5 行 -
dh_md5sums -i dh_builddeb -i dpkg-deb: building package 'dpkg-dev' in '../dpkg-dev_1.18.15+nmu1_all.deb'. dpkg-deb: building package 'libdpkg-perl' in '../libdpkg-perl_1.18.15+nmu1_all.deb'. dpkg-genchanges >../dpkg_1.18.15+nmu1_amd64.changes dpkg-genchanges: info: including full source code in upload dpkg-source --after-build dpkg-1.18.15+nmu1 dpkg-source: info: using options from dpkg-1.18.15+nmu1/debian/source/options: --compression=xz dpkg-buildpackage: info: full upload; Debian-native package (full source is included)並且已經能夠安裝最新的 -
┌─[shirish@debian] - [~/games] - [5812] └─[$] sudo dpkg -i dpkg_1.18.15+nmu1_amd64.deb dpkg-dev_1.18.15+nmu1_all.deb dpkg-dbgsym_1.18.15+nmu1_amd64.deb dselect_1.18.15+nmu1_amd64.deb dselect-dbgsym_1.18.15+nmu1_amd64.deb libdpkg-perl_1.18.15+nmu1_all.deb libdpkg-dev_1.18.15+nmu1_amd64.deb D000001: ensure_diversions: new, (re)loading D000001: ensure_statoverrides: new, (re)loading (Reading database ... 1207494 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack dpkg_1.18.15+nmu1_amd64.deb ... D000001: process_archive oldversionstatus=installed D000001: cmpversions a='0:1.18.15+nmu1' b='0:1.16.1' r=2 D000001: cmpversions a='0:1.18.15+nmu1' b='0:1.16.2' r=2 D000001: ensure_diversions: same, skipping Unpacking dpkg (1.18.15+nmu1) over (1.18.10) ... D000001: cmpversions a='0:1.18.15+nmu1' b='0:1.16.2' r=2 D000001: ensure_diversions: same, skipping D000001: process_archive updating info directory D000001: generating infodb hashfile Preparing to unpack dpkg-dev_1.18.15+nmu1_all.deb ... D000001: process_archive oldversionstatus=unpacked but not configured D000001: ensure_diversions: same, skipping Unpacking dpkg-dev (1.18.15+nmu1) over (1.18.15+nmu1) ... D000001: process_archive updating info directory D000001: generating infodb hashfile Preparing to unpack dpkg-dbgsym_1.18.15+nmu1_amd64.deb ... D000001: process_archive oldversionstatus=unpacked but not configured Unpacking dpkg-dbgsym (1.18.15+nmu1) over (1.18.15+nmu1) ... D000001: process_archive updating info directory D000001: generating infodb hashfile Preparing to unpack dselect_1.18.15+nmu1_amd64.deb ... D000001: process_archive oldversionstatus=installed D000001: ensure_diversions: same, skipping Unpacking dselect (1.18.15+nmu1) over (1.18.15+nmu1) ... D000001: process_archive updating info directory D000001: generating infodb hashfile Preparing to unpack dselect-dbgsym_1.18.15+nmu1_amd64.deb ... D000001: process_archive oldversionstatus=installed Unpacking dselect-dbgsym (1.18.15+nmu1) over (1.18.15+nmu1) ... D000001: process_archive updating info directory D000001: generating infodb hashfile Preparing to unpack libdpkg-perl_1.18.15+nmu1_all.deb ... D000001: process_archive oldversionstatus=unpacked but not configured Unpacking libdpkg-perl (1.18.15+nmu1) over (1.18.15+nmu1) ... D000001: process_archive updating info directory D000001: generating infodb hashfile Preparing to unpack libdpkg-dev_1.18.15+nmu1_amd64.deb ... D000001: process_archive oldversionstatus=installed Unpacking libdpkg-dev:amd64 (1.18.15+nmu1) over (1.18.15+nmu1) ... D000001: process_archive updating info directory D000001: generating infodb hashfile D000001: process queue pkg dpkg:amd64 queue.len 6 progress 1, try 1 Setting up dpkg (1.18.15+nmu1) ... D000001: deferred_configure updating conffiles D000001: ensure_diversions: same, skipping D000001: process queue pkg dpkg-dev:all queue.len 5 progress 1, try 1 D000001: process queue pkg dpkg-dbgsym:amd64 queue.len 5 progress 2, try 1 Setting up dpkg-dbgsym (1.18.15+nmu1) ... D000001: deferred_configure updating conffiles D000001: process queue pkg dselect:amd64 queue.len 4 progress 1, try 1 Setting up dselect (1.18.15+nmu1) ... D000001: deferred_configure updating conffiles D000001: process queue pkg dselect-dbgsym:amd64 queue.len 3 progress 1, try 1 Setting up dselect-dbgsym (1.18.15+nmu1) ... D000001: deferred_configure updating conffiles D000001: process queue pkg libdpkg-perl:all queue.len 2 progress 1, try 1 Setting up libdpkg-perl (1.18.15+nmu1) ... D000001: deferred_configure updating conffiles D000001: process queue pkg libdpkg-dev:amd64 queue.len 1 progress 1, try 1 Setting up libdpkg-dev:amd64 (1.18.15+nmu1) ... D000001: deferred_configure updating conffiles D000001: process queue pkg dpkg-dev:all queue.len 0 progress 1, try 1 Setting up dpkg-dev (1.18.15+nmu1) ... D000001: deferred_configure updating conffiles Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ... D000001: ensure_diversions: same, skipping D000001: cmpversions a='0:2016.03.30' b='0:2016.05.24' r=-2 D000001: cmpversions a='0:1.18.15+nmu1' b='0:1.16' r=2 D000001: cmpversions a='0:1.18.15+nmu1' b='0:1.16' r=2 D000001: cmpversions a='0:1.18.15+nmu1' b='0:1.16' r=2最後 -
┌─[shirish@debian] - [/usr/share/doc/dpkg] - [5815] └─[$] zcat changelog.Debian.gz | less dpkg (1.18.15+nmu1) UNRELEASED; urgency=medium * Non-maintainer upload. * Apply d-m-h fix from #844701 -- shirish <shirish@debian> Mon, 21 Nov 2016 01:04:02 +0530 dpkg (1.18.15) unstable; urgency=medium這意味著它已正確安裝。
[$] apt-show-versions dpkg dpkg-dbgsym dpkg-dev libdpkg-perl libdpkg-dev dselect dselect-dbgsym dpkg:amd64 1.18.15+nmu1 newer than version in archive dpkg-dbgsym:amd64 1.18.15+nmu1 newer than version in archive dpkg-dev:all 1.18.15+nmu1 newer than version in archive dselect:amd64 1.18.15+nmu1 newer than version in archive dselect-dbgsym:amd64 1.18.15+nmu1 newer than version in archive libdpkg-dev:amd64 1.18.15+nmu1 newer than version in archive libdpkg-perl:all 1.18.15+nmu1 newer than version in archive
從你的情況開始：
cd dpkg-1.18.15 patch -p1 < ../d-m-h-verbose-version-check.patch將應用更新檔。在建構之前，添加一個 NMU 更改日誌條目（這將避免您的修補版本
dpkg被 & co. 覆蓋apt，但將確保您的版本在可用時升級到下一個dpkg版本）：dch -n "Apply d-m-h fix from #844701."這將重命名目前目錄（因為
dpkg是本機包），因此您需要再次更改目錄：cd ../dpkg-1.18.15+nmu1為了建構，我傾向於使用
dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc這將在父目錄中生成各種
.deb文件；您可以dpkg像往常一樣安裝它們。（顯式呼叫
debian/rules目標也有效；但您不應該使用fakerootfordebian/rules build，而應該使用 fordebian/rules clean和debian/rules binary。）添加 NMU 更改日誌條目還可以確保您下載的源不受影響，從而解決您的備份問題。這也意味著重新安裝 1.18.15 版將恢復 Debian 版本，無需您的更新檔。