重新安裝 Debian 8 後如何更改主分區？

我有**/分區和使用者的主**分區。我一直喜歡它，因為我不需要在重新安裝後再次複製所有使用者文件。

今天我在我的電腦上重新安裝了 Debian 8 Jessie，但安裝程序沒有問我是否有以前的主分區。

我發現我的舊主分區安裝在**/media/roby/0a2a038c-6525-4db4-9404-4b6a6cc31318 中**（使用者文件夾位於該文件夾中，編號很少）。

我想讓所有使用者都在**/home 中**而不移動文件。

這是 mount 的輸出：

roby@roby-laptop:~$ mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,relatime,size=10240k,nr_inodes=1427783,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=2287848k,mode=755)
/dev/sda8 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=22,pgrp=1,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,relatime)
rpc_pipefs on /run/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=1143924k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000)
/dev/sda10 on /media/roby/0a2a038c-6525-4db4-9404-4b6a6cc31318 type ext4 (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,data=ordered,uhelper=udisks2)

這是 /etc/fstab 的內容：

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda8 during installation
UUID=0d993ab9-95c8-467c-a29e-7faf55edbf0c /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# swap was on /dev/sda9 during installation
UUID=c333a585-606f-4299-a51a-491a873f2024 none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/sr0        /media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 user,noauto     0       0

這是 fdisk -l 的輸出：

roby@roby-laptop:~$ sudo fdisk -l

Disco /dev/sda: 931,5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectores
Unidades: sectores de 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Tamaño de sector (lógico/físico): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Tamaño de E/S (mínimo/óptimo): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Tipo de etiqueta de disco: gpt
Identificador del disco: 7BFA0BD1-AAD9-44BC-9E39-02C19702ABA0

Device          Start        End    Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sda1        2048    1026047    1024000   500M EFI System
/dev/sda2     1026048    1107967      81920    40M desconocido
/dev/sda3     1107968    1370111     262144   128M Microsoft reserved
/dev/sda4     1370112    2906111    1536000   750M Windows recovery environment
/dev/sda5     2906112  318377983  315471872 150,4G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sda6  1936297984 1953523119   17225136   8,2G Windows recovery environment
/dev/sda7   318377984  318380031       2048     1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda8   318380032  384786431   66406400  31,7G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda9   384786432  408223743   23437312  11,2G Linux swap
/dev/sda10  408223744 1936297983 1528074240 728,7G Microsoft basic data

Las entradas de la tabla de particiones no están en el orden del disco.

這是 blkid 的輸出：

roby@roby-laptop:~$ sudo blkid
/dev/sda1: LABEL="ESP" UUID="0C2C-B5E9" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="EFI system partition" PARTUUID="24239fe3-8042-42d8-99df-d806b3b4807a"
/dev/sda2: LABEL="DIAGS" UUID="ACCB-CD97" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="2ebf1341-b877-450d-9e40-3e3501e94c09"
/dev/sda4: LABEL="WINRETOOLS" UUID="082ECDC32ECDA9D0" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="3a25a975-26a8-49be-baba-dd7f8a954ddd"
/dev/sda5: LABEL="OS" UUID="F84AD3034AD2BD96" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Basic data partition" PARTUUID="ca58cbd5-6ee8-49f4-8621-7481a3139e7e"
/dev/sda6: LABEL="PBR Image" UUID="26FE2ACEFE2A95D9" TYPE="ntfs" PARTLABEL="Microsoft recovery partition" PARTUUID="9b0eb66c-9325-47b3-9b6f-7ff65fad6201"
/dev/sda8: LABEL="raiz" UUID="0d993ab9-95c8-467c-a29e-7faf55edbf0c" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="463ac6e5-03c6-40c5-b3a6-8f6e7273d17c"
/dev/sda9: UUID="c333a585-606f-4299-a51a-491a873f2024" TYPE="swap" PARTLABEL="particion_swap" PARTUUID="91fbb9a7-4ca9-4f7c-aa4e-4cc8e7ca28b6"
/dev/sda10: UUID="0a2a038c-6525-4db4-9404-4b6a6cc31318" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="particion_home" PARTUUID="737accdd-913a-4c71-bb54-403473f3f1a9"
/dev/sda3: PARTLABEL="Microsoft reserved partition" PARTUUID="cff2cf6d-6d50-483b-a270-b67c6cfa366a"
/dev/sda7: PARTUUID="1df154d8-dfa5-4c08-ad79-0115d84a45cd"

確保在執行以下命令之前備份所有重要文件

新盒子上的使用者需要與舊盒子具有相同的 UID，否則您需要在每個目錄上執行 chown 來解決此問題

1. 首先，您需要找到舊主分區的 UUID

sudo blkid

跑步blkid會給出這樣的結果：

/dev/sdc1: UUID="5cb14ab6-9e40-4a11-b0c5-02941e4c31dd" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="972688be-01"
/dev/sda1: UUID="c9717f86-3774-4135-9b81-14b7559f5944" TYPE="ext3" PARTUUID="6bb0af62-01"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="5ac8e363-a519-4482-989d-12b2df7156b7" TYPE="ext3" PARTUUID="b416bc44-01"

2. 根據您的輸出辨識與您的舊主分區匹配的 UUID 它是“/dev/sda10”
3. 在 /etc/fstab 的末尾添加以下行

UUID=0a2a038c-6525-4db4-9404-4b6a6cc31318 /home ext4 defaults 0 2

4. 重啟

重啟後您目前的 /home 將不可用 請在重啟前備份其中的所有重要文件

5. 要在失敗的情況下回滾，請刪除添加到 fstab 的行並重新啟動

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/359026