Debian
如何找出解析特定主機名的名稱伺服器
我正在執行 Ubuntu 14.04，並且我最近更改了一些主機名解析配置。所以我現在正在嘗試優化它們，為此我需要找出哪些名稱伺服器解析了我的請求中的特定主機名。
我可以嘗試 ping 一個主機名
my.hostname.example.net以了解它是否完全被解析，但我怎樣才能找出哪個名稱伺服器解析了那個特定的主機名？
有幾個命令可用於調試 DNS 解析，並顯示解析 DNS 查找的路徑：
- 導航器
安裝它：
sudo apt-get install dnstracer用法範例：
$ dnstracer www.cnn.com Tracing to www.cnn.com[a] via 193.136.188.1, maximum of 3 retries 193.136.188.1 (193.136.188.1) Got answer [received type is cname] |\___ ns1.fastly.net [fastly.net] (23.235.32.32) |\___ ns4.fastly.net [fastly.net] (104.156.84.32) |\___ ns3.fastly.net [fastly.net] (23.235.36.32) \___ ns2.fastly.net [fastly.net] (104.156.80.32)NAME dnstracer - trace a chain of DNS servers to the source DESCRIPTION dnstracer determines where a given Domain Name Server (DNS) gets its information from, and follows the chain of DNS servers back to the servers which know the data.
- nslookup 的調試模式
例子：
$ nslookup > set debug > www.cnn.com Server: 193.136.188.1 Address: 193.136.188.1#53 ------------ QUESTIONS: www.cnn.com, type = A, class = IN ANSWERS: -> www.cnn.com canonical name = turner.map.fastly.net. ttl = 191 -> turner.map.fastly.net internet address = 151.101.36.73 ttl = 30 AUTHORITY RECORDS: -> fastly.net nameserver = ns2.fastly.net. ttl = 13130 -> fastly.net nameserver = ns3.fastly.net. ttl = 13130 -> fastly.net nameserver = ns4.fastly.net. ttl = 13130 -> fastly.net nameserver = ns1.fastly.net. ttl = 13130 ADDITIONAL RECORDS: -> ns1.fastly.net internet address = 23.235.32.32 ttl = 13130 -> ns2.fastly.net internet address = 104.156.80.32 ttl = 13130 -> ns3.fastly.net internet address = 23.235.36.32 ttl = 13130 -> ns4.fastly.net internet address = 104.156.84.32 ttl = 13130 ------------ Non-authoritative answer: www.cnn.com canonical name = turner.map.fastly.net. Name: turner.map.fastly.net Address: 151.101.36.73
- 探勘 - 追踪
例子：
$ dig +trace +recurse +all www.cnn.com. a ; <<>> DiG 9.8.3-P1 <<>> +trace +recurse +all www.cnn.com. a ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 37660 ;; flags: qr ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 13 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: . 456885 IN NS j.root-servers.net. . 456885 IN NS k.root-servers.net. . 456885 IN NS l.root-servers.net. . 456885 IN NS m.root-servers.net. . 456885 IN NS a.root-servers.net. . 456885 IN NS b.root-servers.net. . 456885 IN NS c.root-servers.net. . 456885 IN NS d.root-servers.net. . 456885 IN NS e.root-servers.net. . 456885 IN NS f.root-servers.net. . 456885 IN NS g.root-servers.net. . 456885 IN NS h.root-servers.net. . 456885 IN NS i.root-servers.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: a.root-servers.net. 543296 IN A 198.41.0.4 a.root-servers.net. 111296 IN AAAA 2001:503:ba3e::2:30 b.root-servers.net. 604618 IN A 192.228.79.201 b.root-servers.net. 111296 IN AAAA 2001:500:84::b c.root-servers.net. 604618 IN A 192.33.4.12 c.root-servers.net. 111296 IN AAAA 2001:500:2::c d.root-servers.net. 604618 IN A 199.7.91.13 d.root-servers.net. 111296 IN AAAA 2001:500:2d::d e.root-servers.net. 604618 IN A 192.203.230.10 f.root-servers.net. 604618 IN A 192.5.5.241 f.root-servers.net. 111296 IN AAAA 2001:500:2f::f g.root-servers.net. 604618 IN A 192.112.36.4 h.root-servers.net. 604618 IN A 198.97.190.53 ;; Query time: 22 msec ;; SERVER: 10.19.90.11#53(10.19.90.11) ;; WHEN: Mon Dec 5 18:06:06 2016 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 496 ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 16113 ;; flags: qr; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 14 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.cnn.com. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: com. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net. com. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: a.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30 b.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30 c.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30 d.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30 e.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30 f.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30 g.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30 h.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30 i.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30 j.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30 k.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30 l.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30 m.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30 a.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30 ;; Query time: 196 msec ;; SERVER: 192.112.36.4#53(192.112.36.4) ;; WHEN: Mon Dec 5 18:06:07 2016 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 489 ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 44429 ;; flags: qr; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 10, ADDITIONAL: 6 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.cnn.com. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: cnn.com. 172800 IN NS pdns3.ultradns.org. cnn.com. 172800 IN NS pdns4.ultradns.org. cnn.com. 172800 IN NS pdns1.ultradns.net. cnn.com. 172800 IN NS pdns2.ultradns.net. cnn.com. 172800 IN NS pdns5.ultradns.info. cnn.com. 172800 IN NS pdns6.ultradns.co.uk. cnn.com. 172800 IN NS ns-47.awsdns-05.com. cnn.com. 172800 IN NS ns-576.awsdns-08.net. cnn.com. 172800 IN NS ns-1630.awsdns-11.co.uk. cnn.com. 172800 IN NS ns-1086.awsdns-07.org. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: pdns1.ultradns.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:f3ff::1 pdns1.ultradns.net. 172800 IN A 204.74.108.1 pdns2.ultradns.net. 172800 IN A 204.74.109.1 pdns2.ultradns.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2610:a1:1014::1 ns-47.awsdns-05.com. 172800 IN A 205.251.192.47 ns-576.awsdns-08.net. 172800 IN A 205.251.194.64 ;; Query time: 58 msec ;; SERVER: 192.31.80.30#53(192.31.80.30) ;; WHEN: Mon Dec 5 18:06:07 2016 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 445 ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 47226 ;; flags: qr aa; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.cnn.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.cnn.com. 300 IN CNAME turner.map.fastly.net. ;; Query time: 64 msec ;; SERVER: 204.74.114.1#53(204.74.114.1) ;; WHEN: Mon Dec 5 18:06:07 2016 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 64