Debian
在 debian 9 上安裝 zfs
我嘗試在 debian 9.1 上安裝 zfs，但是遇到了一些錯誤。
我的第一次安裝只是 zfs-dkms 但是我在網上看到 zfs-dkms 也需要 spl-dkms 才能執行。
我的步驟是更改我的sources.list添加contrib non-free如下：
/etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free # stretch-updates, previously known as 'volatile' deb http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.nl.debian.org/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free完成了經典的 apt-get 更新，然後嘗試使用以下命令安裝 zfs：
apt-get install spl-dkms並且只有在
apt-get install zfs-dkms結果，我有這些錯誤：
root@debian:/etc/apt# apt-get install zfs-dkms Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: libnvpair1linux libuutil1linux libzfs2linux libzpool2linux zfs-zed zfsutils-linux ... DKMS: install completed. Setting up libzpool2linux (0.6.5.9-5) ... Setting up libzfs2linux (0.6.5.9-5) ... Setting up zfsutils-linux (0.6.5.9-5) ... Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/zfs-mount.service.wants/zfs-import-cache.service â /lib/systemd/system/zfs-import-cac Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/zfs.target.wants/zfs-import-cache.service â /lib/systemd/system/zfs-import-cache.serv Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/zfs-share.service.wants/zfs-mount.service â /lib/systemd/system/zfs-mount.service. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/zfs.target.wants/zfs-mount.service â /lib/systemd/system/zfs-mount.service. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/zfs.target.wants/zfs-share.service â /lib/systemd/system/zfs-share.service. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/zfs.target â /lib/systemd/system/zfs.target. zfs-import-scan.service is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it. Job for zfs-mount.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status zfs-mount.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details. zfs-mount.service couldn't start. Job for zfs-share.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status zfs-share.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details. zfs-share.service couldn't start. Setting up zfs-zed (0.6.5.9-5) ... Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/zed.service â /lib/systemd/system/zfs-zed.service. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/zfs.target.wants/zfs-zed.service â /lib/systemd/system/zfs-zed.service. Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...按照建議閱讀journalctl -xe我得到：
root@debian:/etc/apt# journalctl -xe Aug 02 23:13:13 debian systemd[1]: zfs-share.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE Aug 02 23:13:13 debian systemd[1]: Failed to start ZFS file system shares. -- Subject: Unit zfs-share.service has failed -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: https://www.debian.org/support -- -- Unit zfs-share.service has failed. -- -- The result is failed. Aug 02 23:13:13 debian systemd[1]: zfs-share.service: Unit entered failed state. Aug 02 23:13:13 debian systemd[1]: zfs-share.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. Aug 02 23:13:13 debian systemd[1]: Starting Mount ZFS filesystems... -- Subject: Unit zfs-mount.service has begun start-up -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: https://www.debian.org/support -- -- Unit zfs-mount.service has begun starting up. Aug 02 23:13:13 debian zfs[81481]: The ZFS modules are not loaded. Aug 02 23:13:13 debian zfs[81481]: Try running '/sbin/modprobe zfs' as root to load them. Aug 02 23:13:13 debian systemd[1]: zfs-mount.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE Aug 02 23:13:13 debian systemd[1]: Failed to start Mount ZFS filesystems. -- Subject: Unit zfs-mount.service has failed -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: https://www.debian.org/support -- -- Unit zfs-mount.service has failed. -- -- The result is failed. Aug 02 23:13:13 debian systemd[1]: zfs-mount.service: Unit entered failed state. Aug 02 23:13:13 debian systemd[1]: zfs-mount.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. Aug 02 23:13:13 debian systemd[1]: Starting ZFS file system shares... -- Subject: Unit zfs-share.service has begun start-up -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: https://www.debian.org/support -- -- Unit zfs-share.service has begun starting up. Aug 02 23:13:13 debian systemd[81483]: zfs-share.service: Failed at step EXEC spawning /usr/bin/rm: No such file or direc -- Subject: Process /usr/bin/rm could not be executed -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: https://www.debian.org/support -- -- The process /usr/bin/rm could not be executed and failed. -- -- The error number returned by this process is 2.這裡有什麼問題？我錯過了什麼？zfs-linux包和zfs安裝有什麼關係？
在 debian 9 中安裝 zfs 的正確方法是什麼？
@cas 的實際答案很好，但需要進行一些更正。
因此，讓我們重新安裝 Debian 9，並假設contrib 非免費儲存庫也未啟用。
第 0 步 - 啟用 contrib 非免費儲存庫
我曾經在裡面
sed找到並替換了main這個詞/etc/apt/sources.listsed -i 's/main/main contrib non-free/g' /etc/apt/sources.list apt-get update第 1 步 - ZFS 安裝
由於最後的修復
spl-dkms被正確地視為zfs-dkms依賴項，因此它會被自動呼叫，並且沒有必要在之前手動安裝它zfs-dkms。由於 Debian 中的 zfs 發行版中存在錯誤，因此需要符號連結，該錯誤不會rm在正確的位置查找二進製文件。apt -y install linux-headers-$(uname -r) ln -s /bin/rm /usr/bin/rm apt-get -y install zfs-dkms第 2 步 - ZFS 重新啟動
此時 zfs-dkms 已安裝，但在
journalctl -xe; 要正確啟動 zfs，請使用：/sbin/modprobe zfs systemctl restart zfs-import-cache systemctl restart zfs-import-scan systemctl restart zfs-mount systemctl restart zfs-share第 3 步 - 您必須至少創建一個 ZPOOL
此時我發現**您必須在重新啟動之前創建一個 zpool，**否則如果沒有 zpool，zfs 將無法載入正確的模組。這是一種節省資源的機制（但即使在這種情況下，這仍然會在內部拋出錯誤
journalctl -xe）https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=864348
“我們不這樣做是因為 ZFS 模組會污染核心，如果沒有可用的 zpool，則不應載入它。”
如果你錯過了這部分，你必須從第 2 步開始
例如，通過使用@cas 提供的範例，您可以創建基於此文件的 zpool 或直接創建基於磁碟的文件。
truncate -s 100M /root/z1 truncate -s 100M /root/z2 zpool create tank /root/z1 /root/z2 zpool scrub tank zpool status然後之後
reboot一切都會正常工作，沒有錯誤journalctl -xe