Debian
在 Debian 10 上未檢測到 NVIDIA GTX 1650
#已解決這是硬體問題，我的主機板壞了。現在修好了。
＃問題
我不知道如何在我的筆記型電腦上安裝 Nvidia 驅動程序。（我成為 linux 使用者只有 4-5 天，但我認為我已經足夠努力了。）
paraduxos@ASUSDOGE:/$ neofetch _,met$$$$$gg. paraduxos@ASUSDOGE ,g$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$P. ------------------ ,g$$P" """Y$$.". OS: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster) x86_64 ,$$P' `$$$. Host: ROG Strix G531GT_G531GT 1.0 ',$$P ,ggs. `$$b: Kernel: 4.19.0-8-amd64 `d$$' ,$P"' . $$$ Uptime: 1 hour, 42 mins $$P d$' , $$P Packages: 2256 (dpkg) $$: $$. - ,d$$' Shell: bash 5.0.3 $$; Y$b._ _,d$P' Resolution: 1920x1080 Y$$. `.`"Y$$$$P"' DE: Xfce `$$b "-.__ WM: Xfwm4 `Y$$ WM Theme: Default `Y$$. Theme: Xfce [GTK2], Adwaita [GTK3] `$$b. Icons: Tango [GTK2], Adwaita [GTK3] `Y$$b. Terminal: xfce4-terminal `"Y$b._ Terminal Font: Monospace 12 `""" CPU: Intel i7-9750H (12) @ 4.500GHz GPU: Intel UHD Graphics 630 Memory: 1434MiB / 7828MiB我正在使用筆記型電腦：ASUS ROG STRIX G 531GT（GPU：NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1650，板載 Intel）
paraduxos@ASUSDOGE:/$ lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 8th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 07) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 630 (Mobile) 00:04.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Skylake Processor Thermal Subsystem (rev 07) 00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Skylake Gaussian Mixture Model 00:12.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Thermal Controller (rev 10) 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH USB 3.1 xHCI Host Controller (rev 10) 00:14.2 RAM memory: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Shared SRAM (rev 10) 00:14.3 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless-AC 9560 [Jefferson Peak] (rev 10) 00:15.0 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Serial IO I2C Controller (rev 10) 00:15.1 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Serial IO I2C Controller (rev 10) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH HECI Controller (rev 10) 00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake Mobile PCH SATA AHCI Controller (rev 10) 00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH PCI Express Root Port (rev f0) 00:1d.6 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH PCI Express Root Port (rev f0) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Device a30d (rev 10) 00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH cAVS (rev 10) 00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH SMBus Controller (rev 10) 00:1f.5 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH SPI Controller (rev 10) 01:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Intel Corporation Device f1a8 (rev 03) 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 15)首先，我的筆記型電腦找不到 NVIDIA GPU
paraduxos@ASUSDOGE:/$ nvidia-detect No NVIDIA GPU detected.
- 我還嘗試使用 lspci（如上所示）、lshw（也使用
sudo），但未找到 NVIDIA。在我做了一些研究之後（又名 google.com）
- 將 lspci 與 grep 一起使用*-* > 仍未找到
- 安裝 Nvidia-driver -> 仍然沒有找到（並且有一些問題）
- 有人說大黃蜂需要 ( linuxquestions.org )
- 有人說這是 BIOS 問題（forums.developer.nvidia.com）：我嘗試進入 BIOS 設置（F2），也沒有 NVIDIA（我可以擷取，如果需要，請告訴我。）
我不知道如何配置 BIOS，所以我選擇了 nvidia-driver 和 bumblebee。
從 Debian wiki，我發現了 3 個可能與我的問題有關的 wiki：
https://wiki.debian.org/NvidiaGraphicsDrivers:
通常可以使用 lspci 命令辨識已安裝顯卡的 NVIDIA 圖形處理單元 (GPU) 系列/代號。
注意：如果此 lspci 命令返回多於一行的輸出，則說明您使用的是 Optimus（混合）圖形晶片組，**此頁面上的說明不適用於您。**請查看 NVIDIA Optimus 頁面。
好吧，我得到了 0 輸出。但我決定選擇 Optimus 並停止這個 wiki。（我想我是對的，也許吧？）
（實際上我稍後會回到這個，安裝
Version 440.59 (via buster-backports)並重新啟動後，什麼都沒有發生。）在配置部分我沒有嘗試過，因為它聲明
但是，下面描述的配置不應應用於 Nvidia Optimus 系統；
於是我來到了第二個wiki
https://wiki.debian.org/NvidiaGraphicsDrivers/Optimus
$ lspci | grep 3D (No output)這個wiki說有兩種方法。
第一：禁用動態圖形 - xrandr 和顯示管理器腳本
- 此方法需要來自 lspci 的 BusID。所以我不能用這種方法。
二：動態圖形與 Bumblebee
paraduxos@ASUSDOGE:/$ glxinfo | grep OpenGL OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) UHD Graphics 630 (Coffeelake 3x8 GT2) OpenGL core profile version string: 4.5 (Core Profile) Mesa 18.3.6 OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.50 OpenGL core profile context flags: (none) OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile OpenGL core profile extensions: OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 18.3.6 OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30 OpenGL context flags: (none) OpenGL extensions: OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.2 Mesa 18.3.6 OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.20 OpenGL ES profile extensions:沒有混合GPU？？？。我不太了解輸出，所以我繼續安裝 Bumblebee。
https://wiki.debian.org/Bumblebee
由於我使用的是 Debian 10 (Buster)，所以我關注了 wiki，但發現了問題。
paraduxos@ASUSDOGE:/$ sudo apt install bumblebee-nvidia primus libgl1-nvidia-tesla-glx Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package libgl1-nvidia-tesla-glx我試過Google這個，但似乎沒有人回答我的問題。所以我嘗試了
paraduxos@ASUSDOGE:/$ sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt install bumblebee-nvidia primus libgl1-nvidia-glx primus-libs:i386 libgl1-nvidia-glx:i386 Hit:1 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease Hit:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster InRelease Hit:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates InRelease Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done All packages are up to date. Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done primus-libs:i386 is already the newest version (0~20150328-7). Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: libgl1-nvidia-glx : Depends: libnvidia-glcore (= 418.74-1) but it is not going to be installed Recommends: nvidia-driver-libs-nonglvnd (= 418.74-1) but it is not going to be installed Recommends: nvidia-kernel-dkms (= 418.74-1) but it is not going to be installed or nvidia-kernel-418.74 E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.我不知道下一步該做什麼。請幫忙。
更新：
- 因為
sudo apt install bumblebee-nvidia primus libgl1-nvidia-tesla-glx返回E: Unable to locate package libgl1-nvidia-tesla-glx所以我刪除它並執行sudo apt install bumblebee-nvidia primus- 我對
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt install bumblebee-nvidia primus libgl1-nvidia-glx primus-libs:i386更改做同樣的事情sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update && sudo apt install bumblebee-nvidia primus primus-libs:i386在我執行大黃蜂后，它會返回
paraduxos@ASUSDOGE:~$ optirun glxgears -info [ 1097.543100] [ERROR]The Bumblebee daemon has not been started yet or the socket path /var/run/bumblebee.socket was incorrect. [ 1097.543133] [ERROR]Could not connect to bumblebee daemon - is it running?這是我重新安裝 Debian 10 後的第二次嘗試
（實時安裝非免費（XFCE）Debian 非免費）
這是我的
sources.list# See https://wiki.debian.org/SourcesList for more information. deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free # buster-backports # deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports main contrib non-free # deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports main contrib non-free我嘗試切換 backport 部分的註釋（並執行
sudo apt update）但仍然得到相同的結果。我沒有對我的 Xorg、.xinit 或任何東西做任何事情。
（我也閱讀了相關問題，但我想我最好在這裡問。）
搜尋 nVidia，似乎版本 435.21 是最低要求。這些不是debian 提供的 nvidia-driver軟體包版本，但 buster-backports 讓您有機會在撰寫本文時使用 440.59。您應該在儲存庫中添加反向埠並從那裡強制 nvidia-driver。
問候。
-edit-沒有閱讀所有內容！
您嘗試了反向埠，但
apt update還不夠。您必須向APT 發出信號，表明您想要此軟體包的反向移植版本。apt -t buster-backports install nvidia-driver
經過1週的多次重新安裝，我決定放棄。我解除安裝了這些驅動程序，去自定義我的筆記型電腦更改配置的其他部分，編輯 grub，電源管理。
令人驚訝的是，不知從何而來。我跑
neofetchparaduxos@ASUSDOGE:~$ neofetch _,met$$$$$gg. paraduxos@ASUSDOGE ,g$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$P. ------------------ ,g$$P" """Y$$.". OS: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster) x86_64 ,$$P' `$$$. Host: ROG Strix G531GT_G531GT 1.0 ',$$P ,ggs. `$$b: Kernel: 4.19.0-8-amd64 `d$$' ,$P"' . $$$ Uptime: 5 mins $$P d$' , $$P Packages: 2404 (dpkg) $$: $$. - ,d$$' Shell: bash 5.0.3 $$; Y$b._ _,d$P' Resolution: 1920x1080 Y$$. `.`"Y$$$$P"' WM: i3 `$$b "-.__ Theme: Adwaita [GTK3] `Y$$ Icons: Adwaita [GTK3] `Y$$. Terminal: xfce4-terminal `$$b. Terminal Font: DejaVuSansMono Nerd Font Mono 12 `Y$$b. CPU: Intel i7-9750H (12) @ 4.500GHz `"Y$b._ GPU: NVIDIA NVIDIA Corporation Device 1f91 `""" GPU: Intel UHD Graphics 630 Memory: 983MiB / 7828MiB paraduxos@ASUSDOGE:~$ nvidia-detect Detected NVIDIA GPUs: 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:1f91] (rev a1) Checking card: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1f91 (rev a1) Your card is supported by the default drivers. It is recommended to install the nvidia-driver package.我不確定會發生什麼。但與當時和現在不同的是：
sudoedit /etc/default/grub # This line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="acpi_osi=Linux quiet splash" # quit and run sudo update-grub # then reboot
- 我切換到 polybar 而不是 i3-bar
- 我安裝 thermod、tlp tlp-rdw、powertop（解除安裝）
- 一些我不確定是哪一個的配置。
我認為是因為
GRUB但我不想證明這一點。（哈哈）對於那些發現這個的人，你可以嘗試添加acpi_osi=Linux你的GRUB