Debian
將 debian stretch 升級到 buster 時出現包錯誤
我正在嘗試將 Debian 從 stretch 升級到 buster，但是有兩個包具有包管理器無法解決的依賴項（請參閱升級輸出）：
uget: 包管理器不知何故有舊的依賴關係（它搜尋而libcurl3不是它應該搜尋的）儘管已經執行了幾次。libcurl4``apt updatevirtualbox-ext-pack：我已經讀過Buster不支持stretch-backportsVirtualBox，並且已經在我的sources.list文件中註釋掉了。儘管如此，它還是試圖修復依賴關係。我嘗試刪除軟體包（請參閱刪除輸出）和其他一些標準命令無濟於事。
我應該怎麼做才能修復系統？
相關產出
更新
myname# apt update Hit:1 http://security.debian.org buster/updates InRelease Hit:2 http://ftp.debian.org/debian buster InRelease Hit:3 https://repo.skype.com/deb stable InRelease Hit:4 https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt xenial InRelease Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done 579 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.升級
myname# apt upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies: uget : Depends: libcurl3 (>= 7.16.2) but it is not installable virtualbox-ext-pack : Depends: virtualbox (>= 5.2.24-dfsg-0~) or virtualbox-5.2 but it is not installable Depends: virtualbox (< 5.2.24-dfsg-z) or virtualbox-5.2 but it is not installable E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).–修復損壞
myname# apt --fix-broken install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: alsa-base bluedevil brasero brasero-cdrkit ca-certificates-mono dolphin4 dvdauthor ebtables eclipse-platform-data fonts-hack-ttf fonts-oxygen gfortran-mingw-w64 gfortran-mingw-w64-i686 gfortran-mingw-w64-x86-64 gir1.2-gepub-0.4 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-3.0 gir1.2-tracker-1.0 gir1.2-zeitgeist-2.0 gnat-mingw-w64 gnat-mingw-w64-base gnat-mingw-w64-i686 gnat-mingw-w64-x86-64 gnome-icon-theme-symbolic gnome-tweak-tool growisofs iputils-arping kde-baseapps-data kde-config-sddm kde-style-oxygen-qt5 kdepasswd kdepim-doc kgamma5 kmenuedit kpart-webkit ktnef kwrited libasm3-java libattr1:i386 libavcodec57:i386 libavresample3:i386 libavutil55:i386 libblas-common libcamel-1.2-59 libclassworlds-java libcln6 libcoin80v5 libcomerr2:i386 libcommons-beanutils-java libcommons-collections3-java libcommons-dbcp-java libcommons-digester-java libcommons-httpclient-java libcommons-lang-java libcommons-pool-java libcryptui0a libdata-random-perl libdb-java libdb-je-java libdb5.3-java libdb5.3-java-jni libdoxia-core-java libeasymock-java libebook-1.2-16 libeclipse-aether-java libedata-cal-1.2-28 libedataserver-1.2-22 libedataserverui-1.2-1 libequinox-osgi-java libextutils-depends-perl libextutils-pkgconfig-perl libfelix-bundlerepository-java libfelix-gogo-command-java libfelix-gogo-runtime-java libfelix-gogo-shell-java libfelix-osgi-obr-java libfelix-shell-java libfelix-utils-java libfile-copy-recursive-perl libfile-slurp-tiny-perl libfwupd1 libgcab-1.0-0 libgcr-3-common libgd-perl libgeos-3.4.2 libgepub0 libgit2-24 libgles2-mesa libgltf-0.0-0v5 libgnome-autoar-common libgnome-desktop-3-12 libgom-1.0-common libgoocanvas-common libgoocanvas3 libgtk2-ex-podviewer-perl libgtk2-ex-simple-list-perl libgutenprint2 libgweather-3-6 libhttp-parser2.1 libhttp-server-simple-perl libical2 libicu4j-4.2-java libicu4j-49-java libicu57:i386 libidn11:i386 libiodbc2 libjavascriptcoregtk-3.0-0 libjetty9-java libjgraph-java libjgrapht0.8-java libjson-pp-perl libjtidy-java libkdecorations2private5v5 libkf5akonadicore-bin libkf5akonadiprivate5 libkf5calendarcore5 libkf5dbusaddons-bin libkf5gapi-data libkf5gpgmepp-pthread5 libkf5iconthemes-bin libkf5incidenceeditor-bin libkf5kdgantt2-5 libkf5mailcommon-plugins libkf5pimcommon-plugins libkf5qgpgme5 libkf5syndication5 libkf5webkit5 libkonqsidebarplugin4a libkxmlrpcclient4 liblivemedia57 liblucene2-java libmaven2-core-java libmcrypt4 libmetadata-extractor-java libmouse-perl libmozjs-24-0 libmysqlclient18 libnet-dropbox-api-perl libnet-oauth-perl libnetty-3.9-java libnfs8 libobjc-6-dev libobjenesis-java liboce-foundation10 liboce-modeling10 liboce-ocaf-lite10 liboce-ocaf10 liboce-visualization10 libopencv-calib3d2.4v5 libopencv-features2d2.4v5 libopencv-flann2.4v5 libopencv-objdetect2.4v5 libopencv-video2.4v5 libopenspecfun1 liborcus-0.11-0 liboxygenstyle5-5 liboxygenstyleconfig5-5 libpackagekitqt5-0 libpath-class-perl libplexus-ant-factory-java libplexus-bsh-factory-java libplexus-classworlds2-java libplexus-cli-java libplexus-component-metadata-java libplexus-container-default-java libplexus-container-default1.5-java libplexus-containers1.5-java libplexus-interactivity-api-java libpodofo0.9.4 libproc-simple-perl libproj0 libprotobuf-lite10 libpyside-py3-1.2 libpython3.5-dev libqcustomplot1.3 libqdox2-java libqgsttools-p1 libqpdf17 libqt5clucene5 libqt5designercomponents5 libqt5multimediaquick-p5 libre2-3 librpm3 librpmbuild3 librpmio3 librpmsign3 libsane-extras libsane-extras:i386 libsane-extras-common libsane-extras-dev libshiboken-py3-1.2v5 libsndio6.1:i386 libsodium18 libsoprano4 libsoqt4-20 libsort-naturally-perl libspeexdsp1:i386 libsuitesparseconfig4 libswresample2:i386 libswt-cairo-gtk-3-jni libswt-glx-gtk-3-jni libswt-gnome-gtk-3-jni libswt-gtk-3-java libswt-gtk-3-jni libswt-webkit-gtk-3-jni libsynctex1 libtomcat8-java libtracker-control-1.0-0 libtracker-miner-1.0-0 libtracker-sparql-1.0-0 libtxc-dxtn-s2tc:i386 libunbound2 libva-drm1:i386 libva-wayland1 libvpx4:i386 libvte-common libvte9 libwagon-ftp-java libwagon-java libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwebpmux2:i386 libwww-mechanize-perl libx11-protocol-other-perl libx264-148:i386 libx265-95:i386 libxbean-java libxfont1 libxmpcore-java octave-info owncloud-files perlmagick php-xml-parser php5-intl php5-ldap php5-mcrypt php5-mysql php5-pgsql php5-sqlite plasma-discover plasma-discover-common python-antlr python-pam python-ply python-pyinotify python-qt4-gl python3-tz python3.5 python3.5-dev python3.5-minimal qdoc-qt5 qml-module-org-kde-extensionplugin qml-module-org-kde-kirigami qpdf qt5-assistant qttools5-dev-tools rename sat4j seahorse-daemon software-properties-kde soprano-daemon tcpd user-manager virtualbox-guest-utils vlc-plugin-visualization Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them. The following additional packages will be installed: uget The following packages will be REMOVED: virtualbox-ext-pack The following packages will be upgraded: uget 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 578 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B/369 kB of archives. After this operation, 14.3 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Reading changelogs... Done (Reading database ... 670161 files and directories currently installed.) Removing virtualbox-ext-pack (5.2.24-2~bpo9+1) ... /var/lib/dpkg/info/virtualbox-ext-pack.prerm: 4: /var/lib/dpkg/info/virtualbox-ext-pack.prerm: vboxmanage: not found dpkg: error processing package virtualbox-ext-pack (--remove): installed virtualbox-ext-pack package pre-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 127 Errors were encountered while processing: virtualbox-ext-pack [ Rootkit Hunter version 1.4.6 ] File updated: searched for 181 files, found 153 E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)dist 升級
myname# apt dist-upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies: uget : Depends: libcurl3 (>= 7.16.2) but it is not installable virtualbox-ext-pack : Depends: virtualbox (>= 5.2.24-dfsg-0~) or virtualbox-5.2 but it is not installable Depends: virtualbox (< 5.2.24-dfsg-z) or virtualbox-5.2 but it is not installable E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).刪除包
myname# apt remove uget virtualbox-ext-pack Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: alsa-base bluedevil brasero brasero-cdrkit ca-certificates-mono dolphin4 dvdauthor ebtables eclipse-platform-data fonts-hack-ttf fonts-oxygen gfortran-mingw-w64 gfortran-mingw-w64-i686 gfortran-mingw-w64-x86-64 gir1.2-gepub-0.4 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-3.0 gir1.2-tracker-1.0 gir1.2-zeitgeist-2.0 gnat-mingw-w64 gnat-mingw-w64-base gnat-mingw-w64-i686 gnat-mingw-w64-x86-64 gnome-icon-theme-symbolic gnome-tweak-tool growisofs iputils-arping kde-baseapps-data kde-config-sddm kde-style-oxygen-qt5 kdepasswd kdepim-doc kgamma5 kmenuedit kpart-webkit ktnef kwrited libasm3-java libattr1:i386 libavcodec57:i386 libavresample3:i386 libavutil55:i386 libblas-common libcamel-1.2-59 libclassworlds-java libcln6 libcoin80v5 libcomerr2:i386 libcommons-beanutils-java libcommons-collections3-java libcommons-dbcp-java libcommons-digester-java libcommons-httpclient-java libcommons-lang-java libcommons-pool-java libcryptui0a libdata-random-perl libdb-java libdb-je-java libdb5.3-java libdb5.3-java-jni libdoxia-core-java libeasymock-java libebook-1.2-16 libeclipse-aether-java libedata-cal-1.2-28 libedataserver-1.2-22 libedataserverui-1.2-1 libequinox-osgi-java libextutils-depends-perl libextutils-pkgconfig-perl libfelix-bundlerepository-java libfelix-gogo-command-java libfelix-gogo-runtime-java libfelix-gogo-shell-java libfelix-osgi-obr-java libfelix-shell-java libfelix-utils-java libfile-copy-recursive-perl libfile-slurp-tiny-perl libfwupd1 libgcab-1.0-0 libgcr-3-common libgd-perl libgeos-3.4.2 libgepub0 libgit2-24 libgles2-mesa libgltf-0.0-0v5 libgnome-autoar-common libgnome-desktop-3-12 libgom-1.0-common libgoocanvas-common libgoocanvas3 libgtk2-ex-podviewer-perl libgtk2-ex-simple-list-perl libgutenprint2 libgweather-3-6 libhttp-parser2.1 libhttp-server-simple-perl libical2 libicu4j-4.2-java libicu4j-49-java libicu57:i386 libidn11:i386 libiodbc2 libjavascriptcoregtk-3.0-0 libjetty9-java libjgraph-java libjgrapht0.8-java libjson-pp-perl libjtidy-java libkdecorations2private5v5 libkf5akonadicore-bin libkf5akonadiprivate5 libkf5calendarcore5 libkf5dbusaddons-bin libkf5gapi-data libkf5gpgmepp-pthread5 libkf5iconthemes-bin libkf5incidenceeditor-bin libkf5kdgantt2-5 libkf5mailcommon-plugins libkf5pimcommon-plugins libkf5qgpgme5 libkf5syndication5 libkf5webkit5 libkonqsidebarplugin4a libkxmlrpcclient4 liblivemedia57 liblucene2-java libmaven2-core-java libmcrypt4 libmetadata-extractor-java libmouse-perl libmozjs-24-0 libmysqlclient18 libnet-dropbox-api-perl libnet-oauth-perl libnetty-3.9-java libnfs8 libobjc-6-dev libobjenesis-java liboce-foundation10 liboce-modeling10 liboce-ocaf-lite10 liboce-ocaf10 liboce-visualization10 libopencv-calib3d2.4v5 libopencv-features2d2.4v5 libopencv-flann2.4v5 libopencv-objdetect2.4v5 libopencv-video2.4v5 libopenspecfun1 liborcus-0.11-0 liboxygenstyle5-5 liboxygenstyleconfig5-5 libpackagekitqt5-0 libpath-class-perl libplexus-ant-factory-java libplexus-bsh-factory-java libplexus-classworlds2-java libplexus-cli-java libplexus-component-metadata-java libplexus-container-default-java libplexus-container-default1.5-java libplexus-containers1.5-java libplexus-interactivity-api-java libpodofo0.9.4 libproc-simple-perl libproj0 libprotobuf-lite10 libpyside-py3-1.2 libpython3.5-dev libqcustomplot1.3 libqdox2-java libqgsttools-p1 libqpdf17 libqt5clucene5 libqt5designercomponents5 libqt5multimediaquick-p5 libre2-3 librpm3 librpmbuild3 librpmio3 librpmsign3 libsane-extras libsane-extras:i386 libsane-extras-common libsane-extras-dev libshiboken-py3-1.2v5 libsndio6.1:i386 libsodium18 libsoprano4 libsoqt4-20 libsort-naturally-perl libspeexdsp1:i386 libsuitesparseconfig4 libswresample2:i386 libswt-cairo-gtk-3-jni libswt-glx-gtk-3-jni libswt-gnome-gtk-3-jni libswt-gtk-3-java libswt-gtk-3-jni libswt-webkit-gtk-3-jni libsynctex1 libtomcat8-java libtracker-control-1.0-0 libtracker-miner-1.0-0 libtracker-sparql-1.0-0 libtxc-dxtn-s2tc:i386 libunbound2 libva-drm1:i386 libva-wayland1 libvpx4:i386 libvte-common libvte9 libwagon-ftp-java libwagon-java libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwebpmux2:i386 libwww-mechanize-perl libx11-protocol-other-perl libx264-148:i386 libx265-95:i386 libxbean-java libxfont1 libxmpcore-java octave-info owncloud-files perlmagick php-xml-parser php5-intl php5-ldap php5-mcrypt php5-mysql php5-pgsql php5-sqlite plasma-discover plasma-discover-common python-antlr python-pam python-ply python-pyinotify python-qt4-gl python3-tz python3.5 python3.5-dev python3.5-minimal qdoc-qt5 qml-module-org-kde-extensionplugin qml-module-org-kde-kirigami qpdf qt5-assistant qttools5-dev-tools rename sat4j seahorse-daemon software-properties-kde soprano-daemon tcpd user-manager virtualbox-guest-utils vlc-plugin-visualization Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them. The following packages will be REMOVED: uget virtualbox-ext-pack 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 578 not upgraded. After this operation, 1509 kB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] (Reading database ... 670161 files and directories currently installed.) Removing uget (2.0.8-1+b1) ... Removing virtualbox-ext-pack (5.2.24-2~bpo9+1) ... /var/lib/dpkg/info/virtualbox-ext-pack.prerm: 4: /var/lib/dpkg/info/virtualbox-ext-pack.prerm: vboxmanage: not found dpkg: error processing package virtualbox-ext-pack (--remove): installed virtualbox-ext-pack package pre-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 127 Errors were encountered while processing: virtualbox-ext-pack [ Rootkit Hunter version 1.4.6 ] File updated: searched for 181 files, found 153 E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)清潔和自動清潔
apt clean並且apt autoclean執行沒有問題自動刪除
myname# apt autoremove Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies: virtualbox-ext-pack : Depends: virtualbox (>= 5.2.24-dfsg-0~) or virtualbox-5.2 but it is not installable Depends: virtualbox (< 5.2.24-dfsg-z) or virtualbox-5.2 but it is not installable E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
根據您的日誌，
uget已刪除；您現在應該可以重新安裝 Debian 10 版本。要刪除
virtualbox-ext-pack，您通常需要virtualbox; 不幸的是，由於stretch-backports’ 版本對 Python 3.5 的依賴，它不能輕易地安裝在 Debian 10 中。要解決解除安裝錯誤，您需要刪除維護者腳本voxmanage中的兩行：prermsudo sed -i '/vboxmanage/d' /var/lib/dpkg/info/virtualbox-ext-pack.prerm這將允許您刪除
virtualbox-ext-pack包。