在 apt –upgradeable 中選擇相關包進行選擇性安裝

執行 Debian 我經常遇到大量可以升級的軟體包。我不想只是apt upgrade不小心做，所以我想先安裝“非嚴重”軟體包（及其相關的庫等 - 成組），然後再查看“嚴重”軟體包。

在這個問題的末尾有一個 hacky 的方法，但我相信有更好的方法，以及這個問題可能會帶來更好的想法或擔憂。

問題：如何將相關軟體包的子組安裝在一起，從apt list --upgradeable？

如果這裡是上述命令的輸出；

apparmor/testing 2.13.3-5+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.13.3-5]
gir1.2-atk-1.0/testing 2.34.1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.34.0-1]
gir1.2-totem-1.0/testing 3.34.1-2 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.34.0-1+b1]
gjs/testing 1.58.1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.58.0-2]
gnome-calculator/testing 3.34.1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.34.0-1]
graphviz/testing 2.42.2-3 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.40.1-7]
hexchat/testing 2.14.2-5+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.14.2-5]
imagemagick-6.q16/testing 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1+b1]
imagemagick/testing 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1+b1]
iputils-ping/testing 3:20190709-2 amd64 [upgradable from: 3:20190709-1]
libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl/testing 0.04-5+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.04-5+b1]
libapparmor1/testing 2.13.3-5+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.13.3-5]
libapt-pkg-perl/testing 0.1.36+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.1.36+b1]
libatk-adaptor/testing 2.34.1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.34.0-3]
libatk-bridge2.0-0/testing 2.34.1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.34.0-3]
libatk-bridge2.0-dev/testing 2.34.1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.34.0-3]
libatk1.0-0/testing 2.34.1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.34.0-1]
libatk1.0-data/testing 2.34.1-1 all [upgradable from: 2.34.0-1]
libatk1.0-dev/testing 2.34.1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.34.0-1]
libatk1.0-doc/testing 2.34.1-1 all [upgradable from: 2.34.0-1]
libb-hooks-op-check-perl/testing 0.22-1+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.22-1+b1]
libcairo-gobject-perl/testing 1.005-2+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.005-2]
libcairo-perl/testing 1.106-3+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.106-3+b1]
libcdt5/testing 2.42.2-3 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.40.1-7]
libcgraph6/testing 2.42.2-3 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.40.1-7]
libclass-xsaccessor-perl/testing 1.19-3+b3 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.19-3+b2]
libclone-perl/testing 0.41-1+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.41-1+b1]
libcommon-sense-perl/testing 3.74-2+b8 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.74-2+b7]
libdbd-mysql-perl/testing 4.050-2+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 4.050-2]
libdbi-perl/testing 1.642-1+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.642-1+b1]
libdevel-callchecker-perl/testing 0.008-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.008-1]
libfcgi-perl/testing 0.78-2+b4 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.78-2+b3]
libfile-fcntllock-perl/testing 0.22-3+b6 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.22-3+b5]
libgd-perl/testing 2.71-2+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.71-2]
libgdal-dev/testing 2.4.2+dfsg-1+b3 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.4.2+dfsg-1+b2]
libgdal20/testing 2.4.2+dfsg-1+b3 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.4.2+dfsg-1+b2]
libgjs0g/testing 1.58.1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.58.0-2]
libglib-object-introspection-perl/testing 0.047-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.047-1]
libglib-perl/testing 3:1.329.1-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 3:1.329.1-1]
libglib2.0-0/testing 2.62.1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.62.0-3]
libglib2.0-bin/testing 2.62.1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.62.0-3]
libglib2.0-data/testing 2.62.1-1 all [upgradable from: 2.62.0-3]
libglib2.0-dev-bin/testing 2.62.1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.62.0-3]
libglib2.0-dev/testing 2.62.1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.62.0-3]
libglib2.0-doc/testing 2.62.1-1 all [upgradable from: 2.62.0-3]
libgvc6/testing 2.42.2-3 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.40.1-7]
libgvpr2/testing 2.42.2-3 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.40.1-7]
libhtml-parser-perl/testing 3.72-3+b4 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.72-3+b3]
libimage-magick-q16-perl/testing 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1+b1]
libio-pty-perl/testing 1:1.08-1.1+b6 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:1.08-1.1+b5]
libjson-xs-perl/testing 4.020-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 4.020-1]
liblab-gamut1/testing 2.42.2-3 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.40.1-7]
libldap-2.4-2/testing 2.4.48+dfsg-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.4.48+dfsg-1]
liblinux-epoll-perl/testing 0.016-1+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.016-1+b1]
liblist-moreutils-perl/testing 0.416-1+b5 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.416-1+b4]
liblocale-gettext-perl/testing 1.07-3+b5 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.07-3+b4]
liblz4-1/testing 1.9.1-2 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.8.3-1+b1]
libmagick++-6.q16-8/testing 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1+b1]
libmagickcore-6.q16-6/testing 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1+b1]
libmagickwand-6.q16-6/testing 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1+b1]
libnet-dbus-perl/testing 1.1.0-6+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.1.0-6]
libnet-dns-sec-perl/testing 1.13-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.13-1]
libnet-libidn-perl/testing 0.12.ds-3+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.12.ds-3+b1]
libnet-ssleay-perl/testing 1.88-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.88-1]
libpango-perl/testing 1.227-3+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.227-3+b1]
libparams-classify-perl/testing 0.015-1+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.015-1+b1]
libpathplan4/testing 2.42.2-3 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.40.1-7]
libperlio-gzip-perl/testing 0.19-1+b6 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.19-1+b5]
libpurple0/testing 2.13.0-2.2+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.13.0-2.2]
libpython2.7-dev/testing 2.7.17~rc1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.7.16-4]
libpython2.7-minimal/testing 2.7.17~rc1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.7.16-4]
libpython2.7-stdlib/testing 2.7.17~rc1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.7.16-4]
libpython2.7/testing 2.7.17~rc1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.7.16-4]
libpython3.7-dev/testing 3.7.5~rc1-2 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.7.5~rc1-1]
libpython3.7-minimal/testing 3.7.5~rc1-2 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.7.5~rc1-1]
libpython3.7-stdlib/testing 3.7.5~rc1-2 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.7.5~rc1-1]
libpython3.7/testing 3.7.5~rc1-2 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.7.5~rc1-1]
libref-util-xs-perl/testing 0.117-1+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.117-1+b1]
libsereal-decoder-perl/testing 4.007+ds-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 4.007+ds-1]
libsereal-encoder-perl/testing 4.007+ds-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 4.007+ds-1]
libsnmp30/testing 5.7.3+dfsg-5+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 5.7.3+dfsg-5+b1]
libsqlite3-0/testing 3.30.0-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.29.0-2]
libsqlite3-dev/testing 3.30.0-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.29.0-2]
libsub-name-perl/testing 0.21-1+b4 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.21-1+b3]
libsvn1/testing 1.10.6-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.10.6-1]
libterm-readkey-perl/testing 2.38-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.38-1]
libtext-charwidth-perl/testing 0.04-9+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.04-9]
libtext-iconv-perl/testing 1.7-6+b2 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.7-6]
libtotem0/testing 3.34.1-2 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.34.0-1+b1]
libtype-tiny-xs-perl/testing 0.016-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.016-1]
libunicode-utf8-perl/testing 0.62-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.62-1]
libxdot4/testing 2.42.2-3 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.40.1-7]
libxml-libxml-perl/testing 2.0134+dfsg-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.0134+dfsg-1]
libxml-parser-perl/testing 2.46-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.46-1]
libyaml-libyaml-perl/testing 0.80+repack-2+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.80+repack-2]
libzbar0/testing 0.23-1.1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.23-1.1]
linux-compiler-gcc-8-x86/testing 5.2.17-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 5.2.17-1]
linux-headers-5.2.0-3-amd64/testing 5.2.17-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 5.2.17-1]
linux-kbuild-5.2/testing 5.2.17-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 5.2.17-1]
linux-libc-dev/testing 5.2.17-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 5.2.17-1]
meson/testing 0.52.0-1 all [upgradable from: 0.51.2-1]
node-yargs-parser/testing 15.0.0-1 all [upgradable from: 14.0.0-2]
openjdk-11-jdk-headless/testing 11.0.5+9-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 11.0.5+6-2]
openjdk-11-jdk/testing 11.0.5+9-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 11.0.5+6-2]
openjdk-11-jre-headless/testing 11.0.5+9-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 11.0.5+6-2]
openjdk-11-jre/testing 11.0.5+9-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 11.0.5+6-2]
openssh-client/testing 1:8.1p1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:8.0p1-7]
openssh-server/testing 1:8.1p1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:8.0p1-7]
openssh-sftp-server/testing 1:8.1p1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:8.0p1-7]
perl-base/testing 5.30.0-6 amd64 [upgradable from: 5.28.1-6]
perl/testing 5.30.0-6 amd64 [upgradable from: 5.28.1-6]
pidgin/testing 2.13.0-2.2+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.13.0-2.2]
python2.7-dev/testing 2.7.17~rc1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.7.16-4]
python2.7-minimal/testing 2.7.17~rc1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.7.16-4]
python2.7/testing 2.7.17~rc1-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.7.16-4]
python3.7-dev/testing 3.7.5~rc1-2 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.7.5~rc1-1]
python3.7-minimal/testing 3.7.5~rc1-2 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.7.5~rc1-1]
python3.7/testing 3.7.5~rc1-2 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.7.5~rc1-1]
subversion/testing 1.10.6-1+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.10.6-1]
texinfo/testing 6.6.0.dfsg.1-2+b1 amd64 [upgradable from: 6.6.0.dfsg.1-2]
totem-common/testing 3.34.1-2 all [upgradable from: 3.34.0-1]
totem-plugins/testing 3.34.1-2 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.34.0-1+b1]
totem/testing 3.34.1-2 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.34.0-1+b1]
usb.ids/testing 2019.10.05-1 all [upgradable from: 2019.07.27-1]

我想首先更新/安裝所有與 python2 相關的東西。所以我會這樣做：

sudo apt-get -s install $(sudo apt list --upgradeable | cut -d " " -f 1 | sed 's/\/[a-z]*$//' | awk '/python3/' | tr "\n" " ")

當然，每次都pipe可以將其分解為碎片，並可能分解為>文件。

我還注意到apt聲稱腳本不穩定。

當然，它似乎apt-get也會接受包的“垂直列表”，例如

sudo apt-get -s install $(sudo apt list --upgradeable | cut -d " " -f 1 | sed 's/\/[a-z]*$//' | awk '/python3/')

當然只使用一個sudo。這是我經常做的事情，因此希望（很可能）有更好的方法和/或也可以幫助其他人。

PS我認為這個如何使用apt選擇不完整的軟體包範圍？ 而這個如何使用 apt 選擇不完整的軟體包範圍？問題很接近，但不是我想要的。

我試圖讓@Jasen 回答工作- apt: Install all php packages 無論如何apt-cache search，但它從而不是池中提取apt list --upgradeable，但即使他似乎也不喜歡它（儘管它比我使用的要優雅得多）。

正如Ferenc Wágner 所說，aptitude每當我想對更細粒度的軟體包選擇進行操作時，我都會使用，而不是“所有可以升級的東西”。我假設您沒有預定義的包集，您可以在腳本中為其編寫匹配測試，因此更適合採用更具互動性的方法；aptitude的 TUI 非常適合這種工作。

預設情況下，它按“虛擬”狀態（安全更新、其他可升級包、新包、已安裝包、未安裝包、過時包、虛擬包和任務；aptitude將其稱為“狀態”）呈現包，並在每個狀態，按部分，最後按存檔。因此，今天的一組 OpenSSL 更新顯示為

這與您所追求的不太匹配，但是aptitude的顯示是高度可定制的，並且包可以按源包名稱分組，甚至可以按您關心的任何模式進行分組；例如，按狀態、優先級和源包：

您可以在執行時切換視圖 ( )，或在的配置文件G中配置您喜歡的視圖。aptitude

+將選擇要升級的軟體包以及任何相關的升級；aptitude還將突出顯示任何損壞的內容。因此，在僅選擇libssl1.1升級後：

在這一點上，我可以尋求aptitude幫助以解決損壞問題，或者繼續自己選擇升級包。在實際做之前g會告訴我我要求做的所有事情。aptitude在繼續之前，我還可以查看包的更改日誌，並檢查所有可用版本等。

以aptitude這種方式使用還避免了任何涉及apt install(or apt-get install) 的方法的重大缺點：它不會失去“自動安裝”標誌。

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/546544