Debian
不應預置 debconf-get-selections 中的哪些值？
我想在安裝新系統時複製為我的系統目前配置所做的 Debian 安裝選擇。
Debian 可以通過“預配置”（又名“preseed”）文件進行預配置，該文件基本上包含安裝程序將提出的問題的答案。
該文件指出，從現有的 Debian 安裝創建預配置文件的一種方法是：
…使用
debconf-get-selectionsdebconf-utils 軟體包中的將 debconf 數據庫和安裝程序的 cdebconf 數據庫轉儲到單個文件中：
$ debconf-get-selections --installer > file
$ debconf-get-selections >> file但它隨後立即補充說：
但是，以這種方式生成的文件將包含一些不應預置的項目…
該文件沒有詳細說明那些不應該預置的項目是什麼。
有人可以詳細說明嗎？
作為說明，下面我包含了從上面的兩個命令獲得的輸出的第二個欄位，其中我只保留了以 開頭的行
d-i以及註釋，為了簡潔起見有時會被截斷。（只保留開頭的配置行的原因d-i是在Debian 提供的範例預配置文件中，只出現了這樣的行。）# Check the integrity of another CD-ROM? cdrom-checker/nextcd # Web server started, but network not running save-logs/no_network # for internal use only debian-installer/consoledisplay debian-installer/shell-plugin # Country, territory or area: # Choices: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Botswana, Canada, ... localechooser/shortlist # for internal use; can be preseeded preseed/include_command # Country of origin for the keyboard: # Choices: keyboard-configuration/layout # Choices: Canada, Mexico, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, United ... localechooser/countrylist/North_America # Choices: Greece, Cyprus, other localechooser/shortlist/el # Keyboard layout: # Choices: keyboard-configuration/variant # Choices: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Bu... localechooser/countrylist/Africa # Choices: Finland, Sweden, other localechooser/shortlist/sv # Keep default keyboard options ()? keyboard-configuration/unsupported_options # Choices: Cyprus, Turkey, other localechooser/shortlist/tr # Interactive shell di-utils-shell/do-shell # for internal use only # Choices: stable, testing, unstable cdrom/suite # Choose an installation step: # Choices: debian-installer/missing-provide # Check CD-ROM integrity? cdrom-checker/start # Failed to retrieve the preconfiguration file preseed/retrieve_error # Directory in which to save debug logs: save-logs/directory # for internal use only debconf/showold # Failed to open checksum file cdrom-checker/md5file_failed # Choices: Andorra, Spain, France, Italy, other localechooser/shortlist/ca # Write the changes to the storage devices and configure RAID... partman-md/confirm_nooverwrite # PCMCIA resource range options: hw-detect/pcmcia_resources # Failed to mount the floppy save-logs/floppy_mount_failed # for internal use only debconf/language # Choices: China, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, other localechooser/shortlist/zh_TW # Dummy template for preseeding unavailable questions debian-installer/dummy # Additional parameters for module : hw-detect/retry_params # Incorrect CD-ROM detected cdrom-detect/wrong-cd # for internal use; can be preseeded cdrom-detect/eject # Choices: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, E... localechooser/shortlist/es # for internal use; can be preseeded preseed/run # Write the changes to disks and configure LVM? partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite # Cannot save logs save-logs/bad_directory # Choices: Belgium, Canada, France, Luxembourg, Switzerland, ... localechooser/shortlist/fr # Insufficient memory lowmem/insufficient # for internal use keyboard-configuration/optionscode # Choices: China, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, other localechooser/shortlist/zh_CN # Load missing firmware from removable media? hw-detect/load_firmware # Choices: Italy, Switzerland, other localechooser/shortlist/it # Choices: Antarctica localechooser/countrylist/Antarctica # Choose the next step in the install process: # Choices: Choose language, Configure the speech synthesizer ... debian-installer/main-menu # Failed to load installer component anna/install_failed # Choices: Russian Federation, Ukraine, other localechooser/shortlist/ru # for internal use keyboard-configuration/modelcode # Entering low memory mode lowmem/low # Choices: Jordan, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Algeria, Sy... localechooser/shortlist/ar # Keep current keyboard options in the configuration file? keyboard-configuration/unsupported_config_options # Choices: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Botswana, Canada, ... localechooser/shortlist/en # Method for toggling between national and Latin mode: # Choices: Caps Lock, Right Alt (AltGr), Right Control, Right... keyboard-configuration/toggle # for internal use only anna/retriever # Choices: Curaçao localechooser/countrylist/other # Choices: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Be... localechooser/countrylist/Europe # locale localechooser/help/locale # Load CD-ROM drivers from removable media? cdrom-detect/load_media # for internal use; can be preseeded debian-installer/framebuffer # for internal use espeakup/voice # for internal use; can be preseeded preseed/include # Error reading Release file cdrom-detect/no-release # Ignore questions with a priority less than: # Choices: critical, high, medium, low debconf/priority # Key to function as AltGr: # Choices: The default for the keyboard layout, No AltGr key,... keyboard-configuration/altgr # CD-ROM detected cdrom-detect/success # Choices: Bouvet Island, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Saint ... localechooser/countrylist/Atlantic_Ocean # Continue the install without loading kernel modules? anna/no_kernel_modules # for internal use; can be preseeded debian-installer/exit/poweroff # Choices: Bangladesh, India, other localechooser/shortlist/bn # for internal use; can be preseeded preseed/include/checksum # Integrity test failed cdrom-checker/mismatch # Load missing drivers from removable media? hw-detect/load_media # Keep default keyboard layout ()? keyboard-configuration/unsupported_layout # Start PC card services? hw-detect/start_pcmcia # for internal use; can be preseeded debian-installer/add-kernel-opts # for internal use; can be preseeded mouse/protocol # for internal use; can be preseeded mouse/left # for internal use keyboard-configuration/layoutcode # for internal use keyboard-configuration/store_defaults_in_debconf_db # Choices: Brazil, Portugal, other localechooser/shortlist/pt # for internal use; can be preseeded preseed/early_command # for internal use only debian-installer/exit/always_halt # Choices: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Atlantic Ocean, Caribbea... localechooser/continentlist # Insert Debian boot CD-ROM cdrom-checker/firstcd # How should the debug logs be saved or transferred? # Choices: floppy, web, mounted file system save-logs/menu # for internal use; can be preseeded rescue/enable # for internal use only cdrom-detect/cdrom_fs # Insert formatted floppy in drive save-logs/insert_floppy # Translations temporarily not available localechooser/translation/none-yet # Keymap to use: # Choices: American English, Albanian, Arabic, Asturian, Bang... keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap # for internal use; can be preseeded mouse/device # for internal use only cdrom-detect/hybrid # for internal use only debconf/translations-dropped # Country to base default locale settings on: # Choices: Antigua and Barbuda${!TAB}-${!TAB}en_AG, Australia... localechooser/preferred-locale # Choices: Spain, France, other localechooser/shortlist/eu # Choices: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuad... localechooser/countrylist/South_America # Failed to mount CD-ROM cdrom-checker/mntfailed # Retry mounting the CD-ROM? cdrom-detect/retry # Choices: Serbia, Montenegro, other localechooser/shortlist/sr # Module needed for accessing the CD-ROM: # Choices: cdrom-detect/cdrom_module # for internal use; can be preseeded preseed/file # for internal use; can be preseeded hw-detect/load-ide # for internal use; can be preseeded preseed/interactive # Installation step failed debian-installer/main-menu/item-failure # Error while running '' hw-detect/modprobe_error # Choices: Pakistan, India, other localechooser/shortlist/pa # Use Control+Alt+Backspace to terminate the X server? keyboard-configuration/ctrl_alt_bksp # Choices: China, India, other localechooser/shortlist/bo # Language: # Choices: C${!TAB}-${!TAB}No localization, Albanian${!TAB}-$... localechooser/languagelist # Installer components to load: # Choices: anna/choose_modules_lowmem # for internal use only debian-installer/language # for internal use keyboard-configuration/variantcode # Choices: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bar... localechooser/countrylist/Caribbean # Language selection no longer possible localechooser/translation/no-select # Failed to copy file from CD-ROM. Retry? retriever/cdrom/error # Choices: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei D... localechooser/countrylist/Asia # Write the changes to disk and configure encrypted volumes? partman-crypto/confirm_nooverwrite # for internal use; can be preseeded debian-installer/country # No valid Debian CD-ROM cdrom-checker/wrongcd # Choices: Belgium, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Austr... localechooser/shortlist/de # for internal use; can be preseeded anna/standard_modules # Failed to process the preconfiguration file preseed/load_error # for internal use; can be preseeded preseed/file/checksum # Device file for accessing the CD-ROM: cdrom-detect/cdrom_device # for internal use; can be preseeded directfb/hw-accel # for internal use; can be preseeded debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated # Continue the installation in the selected language? localechooser/translation/warn-severe # for internal use; can be preseeded debian-installer/theme # Choices: American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Fre... localechooser/countrylist/Oceania # Are you sure you want to exit now? di-utils-reboot/really_reboot # Choices: Brazil, Portugal, other localechooser/shortlist/pt_BR # for internal use only debconf/frontend # for internal use; can be preseeded debian-installer/exit/halt # Choices: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Hondur... localechooser/countrylist/Central_America # Keep the current keyboard layout in the configuration file? keyboard-configuration/unsupported_config_layout # Compose key: # Choices: No compose key, Right Alt (AltGr), Right Control, ... keyboard-configuration/compose # Method for temporarily toggling between national and Latin ... # Choices: No temporary switch, Both Logo keys, Right Alt (Al... keyboard-configuration/switch # Installer components to load: # Choices: cfdisk-udeb: Manually partition a hard drive (cfdi... anna/choose_modules # Integrity test successful cdrom-checker/passed # Manually select a CD-ROM module and device? cdrom-detect/manual_config # Terminal plugin not available debian-installer/terminal-plugin-unavailable # Insert a Debian CD-ROM cdrom-checker/askmount # Additional locales: # Choices: aa_DJ.UTF-8, aa_DJ, aa_ER, aa_ER@saaho, aa_ET, af_... localechooser/supported-locales # for internal use only cdrom-detect/usb-hdd # for internal use; can be preseeded preseed/late_command # Failed to run preseeded command preseed/command_failed # Modules to load: # Choices: hw-detect/select_modules # Keyboard model: # Choices: keyboard-configuration/model # Continue the installation in the selected language? localechooser/translation/warn-light # Choices: Aruba, Belgium, Netherlands, other localechooser/shortlist/nl # for internal use only cdrom/codename # Choices: British Indian Ocean Territory, Christmas Island, ... localechooser/countrylist/Indian_Ocean # for internal use; can be preseeded preseed/boot_command # Web server started save-logs/httpd_running # System locale: # Choices: debian-installer/locale # Choices: Macedonia\, Republic of, Albania, other localechooser/shortlist/sq # Country of origin for the keyboard: # Choices: keyboard-configuration/layout # Keymap to use: # Choices: American English, Albanian, Arabic, Asturian, Bang... keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap # Keyboard layout: # Choices: English (US), English (US) - Cherokee, English (US... keyboard-configuration/variant # Keep default keyboard options ()? keyboard-configuration/unsupported_options # Use Control+Alt+Backspace to terminate the X server? keyboard-configuration/ctrl_alt_bksp # for internal use keyboard-configuration/variantcode # for internal use keyboard-configuration/optionscode # for internal use keyboard-configuration/modelcode # Keep current keyboard options in the configuration file? keyboard-configuration/unsupported_config_options # Keep the current keyboard layout in the configuration file? keyboard-configuration/unsupported_config_layout # Method for toggling between national and Latin mode: # Choices: Caps Lock, Right Alt (AltGr), Right Control, Right... keyboard-configuration/toggle # Compose key: # Choices: No compose key, Right Alt (AltGr), Right Control, ... keyboard-configuration/compose # Method for temporarily toggling between national and Latin ... # Choices: No temporary switch, Both Logo keys, Right Alt (Al... keyboard-configuration/switch # Key to function as AltGr: # Choices: The default for the keyboard layout, No AltGr key,... keyboard-configuration/altgr # Keep default keyboard layout ()? keyboard-configuration/unsupported_layout # Keyboard model: # Choices: A4Tech KB-21, A4Tech KBS-8, A4Tech Wireless Deskto... keyboard-configuration/model # for internal use keyboard-configuration/layoutcode # for internal use keyboard-configuration/store_defaults_in_debconf_db
簡短的回答
從專門介紹 DI preseed 的 Debian wiki 頁面：
不要使用 debconf-get-selections (–installer) 生成的 preseed.cfg，而是從中獲取值並使用它們修改範例 preseed 文件。
Debian 提供的preseed 範例文件應該足夠開始，但您可以在同一個 wiki 頁面上找到許多其他人為不同目的提供的 preseed 文件。
簡短的回答
在您發布的 debconf 問題列表中，不應預置帶有“供內部使用”但沒有“可以預置”的註釋的每個問題。
但是很多其他的 debconf 問題可能無法通過 preseed 文件預先回答，例如與硬體相關的問題（如果您想在不同的硬體上執行安裝），記錄一些自動配置失敗或成功的問題（可以在某些特殊情況下被預置，但可以毫無問題地用自動過程來回答）。
debconf-get-selections 的輸出包含許多大多數人從未見過和做（不應該）關心的自動回答的問題。這種自動選擇隨著時間的推移而改變，新的硬體、軟體、更好的檢測或新的可能性。重要的是盡可能少地接觸自動配置，從 debian-installer 的所有改進中受益，並且能夠將隨時間和不同硬體所需的預置文件更改保持在最低限度。