在 docker run 上創建 postgresql 表

我想在執行該容器時創建一個執行 PostgreSQL 數據庫的 Dockerfile。

所以我所做的是製作一個 Dockerfile：

FROM postgres:latest

COPY *.sh /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/

Dockerfile 將初始化腳本“postgres.sh”複製到 /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/。postgres.sh 腳本包含以下內容：

#!/bin/sh

su postgres -c "psql << EOF
ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD '123';
create database shippingchallenge;
\c shippingchallenge;
create table people(firstname CHAR(20), surname CHAR(30));
insert into people values ('Pieter', 'Pauwels');
EOF"

所以我想要做的是創建一個數據庫“shippingchallenge”，其中包含一個具有 2 個值的表“people”：“firstname”和“surname”。sudo docker exec -it <container> /bin/bash如果我會使用並粘貼它，這很好用。

但是當我使用上述方法並執行由此創建的圖像時，sudo docker run -p 5432:5432 -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=123 <image>出現以下錯誤：

The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.utf8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF18".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english". 

Data page checksums are disabled. 

fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix 
selecting default maxconnections ... 100 
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB 
selecting default time zone ... Etc/UTC 
creating configuration files ... ok 
running bootstrap script ... ok 
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok 
syncing data to disk ... ok 

initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections 
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A or 
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

Success. You can now start the database server using: 

   pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgresql/data -l logfile start 
   
waiting for server to start....2020-12-19 12:42:09.749 UTC [45] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 13.1 (Debian 13.1-1 pgdg100+1) on x86_64 pc linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 8.3.0-6) 8.3.0, 64-bit
2020-12-19 12:42:09.754 UTC [45] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2020-12-19 12:42:09.771 UTC [46] LOG: database system was shut down at 2020-12-19 12:42:07 UTC
2020-12-19 12:42:09.778 UTC [45] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
done 
server started 

/usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh: running /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/postgres.sh 
Password: su: Authentication failure 

內容/etc/pam.d/su：

auth       sufficient pam_rootok.so





session       required   pam_env.so readenv=1
session       required   pam_env.so readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale

session    optional   pam_mail.so nopen

session    required   pam_limits.so

@include common-auth
@include common-account
@include common-session

在此先感謝您的幫助！

/bin/su由於在可執行權限和 和 的內容/etc/pam.d/su上沒有發現問題/etc/pam.d/su-l。image應該沒問題！

在我在本地拉取圖像後，似乎錯誤是由於su postgres -c ；它應該被刪除，因為如果你添加whoami到腳本中，你會注意到腳本將預設執行postgresql，這是因為容器在啟動時做了一個suto postgres，因為守護程序需要用這個使用者啟動。

碼頭工人文件：

FROM registry.hub.docker.com/library/postgres
COPY postgres.sh /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/
RUN chmod +x /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/postgres.sh

腳本：

#!/bin/bash
whoami 
psql << EOF
ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD '123';
create database shippingchallenge;
\c shippingchallenge;
create table people(firstname CHAR(20), surname CHAR(30));
insert into people values ('Pieter', 'Pauwels');
EOF

測試：

docker exec -it <container> bash 
su postgres 
psql
postgres=# \l

輸出（表已創建，所有者為 postgres）：

shippingchallenge|postgres|UTF8|en_US.utf8|en_US.utf8|

這就是為什麼su要求輸入postgres使用者密碼並且由於沒有通過任何內容，因此您在建構期間遇到了身份驗證失敗。

當使用官方 Postgres基礎鏡像https://github.com/docker-library/postgres建構自定義鏡像時，將帶有 SQL 語句的腳本文件放置到 docker-entrypoint-initdb.d 目錄中即可

docker-context-dir
 /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
   |-create-table.sql
 |-Dockerfile

Dockerfile

FROM postgres:latest
COPY docker-entrypoint-initdb.d /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

創建表.sql

CREATE TABLE people (
   id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
   ...);

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/625269