PATH 變數的正確格式是什麼

October 28, 2021

我有一個 macOS，這是我做的時候得到的輸出echo $PATH

usr/local/opt/avr-gcc@8/bin:/Users/hari/google-cloud-sdk/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/.npm/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/.pub-cache/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/.npm/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/.:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/.npm/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/.pub-cache/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/.npm/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/.fzf/bin

這是正確的嗎？這很長嗎？如果很長，我怎麼能把它變短。請幫助

$ printf '%s\n' $path | sort | uniq -c
 16 /Library/Apple/usr/bin
 16 /Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin
 16 /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin
 16 /Users/hari/.cargo/bin
 16 /Users/hari/.edgedb/bin
 16 /Users/hari/.fig/bin
  1 /Users/hari/.fzf/bin
  4 /Users/hari/.npm/bin
  2 /Users/hari/.pub-cache/bin
  1 /Users/hari/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/.
  8 /Users/hari/flutter/bin
 16 /Users/hari/go
 16 /Users/hari/go/bin
  1 /Users/hari/google-cloud-sdk/bin
 16 /bin
 16 /opt/X11/bin
 16 /sbin
 16 /usr/bin
 16 /usr/local/bin
 16 /usr/local/go
 16 /usr/local/go/bin
 16 /usr/sbin
  1 usr/local/opt/avr-gcc@8/bin
如您所見，您的PATH變數包含多個路徑副本，使其過長。
這可以以特定於（並且可能是唯一的）zshshell 的方式處理。在該 shell 中，標量$PATH變數與數組變數“綁定” $path（在上面的一小段 shell 程式碼中使用），這意味著更改一個變數將自動更新另一個變數。此外，在zshshell 中，可以將數組變數聲明為“僅包含唯一元素”。將此應用於PATH和path變數，我們可以確保PATH不會像您所做的那樣增長。
typeset -g -U PATH path
使其將給定變數聲明為“全域”（而不是目前範圍的“局部”）的選項-g，並使變數僅保留每個變數的第一次出現。typeset``-U``path
將該命令添加typeset到第一個~/.zshenv，~/.zprofile或者~/.zshrc存在於您的主目錄中的命令將確保它對於終端中的互動式 shell 會話處於活動狀態。
$ typeset -g -U PATH path
$ printf '%s\n' $path  | sort | uniq -c
  1 /Library/Apple/usr/bin
  1 /Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin
  1 /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin
  1 /Users/hari/.cargo/bin
  1 /Users/hari/.edgedb/bin
  1 /Users/hari/.fig/bin
  1 /Users/hari/.fzf/bin
  1 /Users/hari/.npm/bin
  1 /Users/hari/.pub-cache/bin
  1 /Users/hari/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/.
  1 /Users/hari/flutter/bin
  1 /Users/hari/go
  1 /Users/hari/go/bin
  1 /Users/hari/google-cloud-sdk/bin
  1 /bin
  1 /opt/X11/bin
  1 /sbin
  1 /usr/bin
  1 /usr/local/bin
  1 /usr/local/go
  1 /usr/local/go/bin
  1 /usr/sbin
  1 usr/local/opt/avr-gcc@8/bin
要將路徑添加到末尾PATH，
path+=( '/new/path' )
或者
path=( $path '/new/path' )
要將路徑添加到的開頭PATH，
path=( '/new/path' $path )
如果path變數已通過設置為“唯一” typeset -U，則只有第一次出現的新路徑將保留在變數中。

PATH是您的 shell 搜尋執行檔的目錄的冒號分隔列表。PATH操縱是困難的，但有工具。我使用 Stephen Collyer 的 bash_path_funcs，早在 2000 年就在 Linux Journal 中進行了描述：
https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3645 https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3768 https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3935
addpath僅當路徑最初不存在時，該函式才會將條目添加到路徑中。delpath -n從路徑中刪除所有不存在的目錄。uniqpath消除重複。
您可以從https://web.archive.org/web/20061210054813/http://www.netspinner.co.uk:80/Downloads/pathfunc.tgzpathfunc.tgz獲取文件

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/674490

PATH 變數的正確格式是什麼

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