Fedora
無法在 Fedora 28 上訪問/（自動）安裝 SD 卡
我正在嘗試訪問 Fedora 28 上的 SD 卡，但沒有任何成功。系統資訊如下：
$ lsb_release -a LSB Version: :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch:cxx-4.1-amd64:cxx-4.1-noarch:desktop-4.1-amd64:desktop-4.1-noarch:languages-4.1-amd64:languages-4.1-noarch:printing-4.1-amd64:printing-4.1-noarch Distributor ID: Fedora Description: Fedora release 28 (Twenty Eight) Release: 28 Codename: TwentyEight我無法使用兩個不同的讀卡器訪問不同的 SD 卡。儘管在 macOS 和 Windows 上都可以訪問，但它們都沒有顯示在 Nautilus 文件瀏覽器、桌面或其他地方明顯。
lsusb系統根據輸出辨識讀卡器：$ lsusb -v # some other USB devices Bus 001 Device 005: ID 058f:6362 Alcor Micro Corp. Flash Card Reader/Writer Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 0 bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x058f Alcor Micro Corp. idProduct 0x6362 Flash Card Reader/Writer bcdDevice 1.29 iManufacturer 1 iProduct 2 iSerial 3 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 32 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0x80 (Bus Powered) MaxPower 250mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 2 bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI bInterfaceProtocol 80 Bulk-Only iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x01 EP 1 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 # some other USB devices Bus 001 Device 006: ID 0dda:2027 Integrated Circuit Solution, Inc. USB 2.0 Card Reader Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 0 bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x0dda Integrated Circuit Solution, Inc. idProduct 0x2027 USB 2.0 Card Reader bcdDevice 1.6e iManufacturer 1 iProduct 2 iSerial 3 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 32 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 4 bmAttributes 0x80 (Bus Powered) MaxPower 500mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 2 bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI bInterfaceProtocol 80 Bulk-Only iInterface 5 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x01 EP 1 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 # some other USB devices然後我在插入和拔出卡時查看了 udev 事件：
$ udevadm monitor monitor will print the received events for: UDEV - the event which udev sends out after rule processing KERNEL - the kernel uevent KERNEL[701.434565] change /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-3/1-3:1.0/host4/target4:0:0/4:0:0:2/block/sde (block) UDEV [714.263816] change /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-3/1-3:1.0/host4/target4:0:0/4:0:0:2/block/sde (block) KERNEL[748.477184] change /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-3/1-3:1.0/host4/target4:0:0/4:0:0:2/block/sde (block) UDEV [761.338940] change /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-3/1-3:1.0/host4/target4:0:0/4:0:0:2/block/sde (block)此外，我還查看了核心消息：
$ dmesg [ 603.846840] usb-storage 1-3:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected [ 603.847749] scsi host4: usb-storage 1-3:1.0 [ 605.703531] scsi 4:0:0:0: Direct-Access Generic CF 1.6E PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 CCS [ 605.704982] scsi 4:0:0:1: Direct-Access Generic MS 1.6E PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 CCS [ 606.509034] scsi 4:0:0:2: Direct-Access Generic MMC/SD 1.6E PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 CCS [ 606.510387] scsi 4:0:0:3: Direct-Access Generic SM 1.6E PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 CCS [ 606.511519] sd 4:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0 [ 606.511943] sd 4:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg5 type 0 [ 606.512177] sd 4:0:0:2: Attached scsi generic sg6 type 0 [ 606.512408] sd 4:0:0:3: Attached scsi generic sg7 type 0 [ 608.924586] sd 4:0:0:1: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk [ 629.830776] sd 4:0:0:2: [sde] Attached SCSI removable disk [ 633.048754] sd 4:0:0:3: [sdf] Attached SCSI removable disk [ 639.490479] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk的輸出
dmesg和udevadm monitor都告訴卡片應該顯示為sde。但是，fdisk -l沒有列出sde。除此之外，嘗試手動安裝設備會引發錯誤：$ mount -t auto /dev/sde /mnt/ mount: /mnt: no medium found on /dev/sde.我不確定是否正確載入了所需的驅動程序模組，因為輸出中沒有
mmc0-like 條目dmesg（正如我以前從基於 Debian 的系統中知道的那樣）。lsmod也沒有列出mmc0核心模組：$ lsmod | grep mm rtl8192c_common 61440 1 rtl8192cu rtlwifi 98304 3 rtl8192c_common,rtl_usb,rtl8192cu唯一
mmc似乎可用但未載入的類似模組是mmc_block和mmc_core：$ modprobe mm # listing suggestions using tab auto-completion mma7660 mmc_block mmc_core mms114我該如何解決這個問題或至少縮小範圍？
總而言之，我測試的兩個讀卡器都有故障。但是，如果您可以消除與硬體相關的問題，請參考此答案。
在此過程中嘗試
mount這樣做還為時過早。此消息表明檢測到硬體：[ 629.830776] sd 4:0:0:2: [sde] Attached SCSI removable disk但是你不能掛載一個設備，除非它上面有一個可掛載的文件系統。使用
lsblk或blkid查看系統是否辨識 SD 設備。以下是輸出的外觀以供參考：
lsblk
$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 39.1G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 500M 0 part └─sda3 8:3 0 38.1G 0 part ├─vg00-lv_root 253:0 0 36.1G 0 lvm / └─vg00-lv_swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]blkid
$ blkid /dev/sda1: UUID="0cae38ac-44ea-4a16-9157-a8cbbf50e91b" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda2: UUID="013c42ea-aa00-4713-926a-aca57c0bd552" TYPE="xfs" /dev/sda3: UUID="sgVDOh-NI7x-l4sY-9fJv-uAlW-WfYY-YBoPBQ" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/mapper/vg00-lv_root: UUID="fa4accee-2965-4bc6-85aa-3ed4d0d2ae86" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg00-lv_swap: UUID="998f50cb-a693-411c-aca3-33824ea5a204" TYPE="swap"作為最後的建議，您可以嘗試安裝/重新安裝
udisks2。這在標題為：Ubuntu 16.04 does not detect sd card reader的 AU Q&A 中有描述，但我過去在 Fedora/CentOS 上也遇到過這個問題。$ sudo yum reinstall udisks2 -or- $ sudo dnf reinstall udisks2