Filesystems
無法訪問磁碟，分區表損壞
我太笨了，在我的 Readynas Ultra 4 安裝磁碟（3TB WD Green）時打開它的電源，我沒有時間等待它，因為我要退回它（太吵了）磁碟安裝處於 0% 狀態並持續了 2 分鐘，所以我決定將其關閉而沒有真正考慮後果。無論如何，現在已經完成了，我需要將它放入我的新 NAS (Synology 413j)，但這並不是很好。該磁碟在 BIOS 中被辨識，當我在 USB 上實時執行 gparted 時，我將其設置為 /dev/sdc。但它沒有顯示在 Windows 設備管理器或 Ubuntu 中。當我在實時 Ubuntu USB 上執行 sudo gparted 時，在讀取 /dev/sdc 時出現輸入/輸出錯誤。
我在 gparted live 中嘗試了更多的東西，但總結起來，它與這裡發生的事情非常相似：http: //ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1492414.html 直到他執行的部分badsectors，並得到很多錯誤，我執行 badsectors -vs （我猜這只是讀取，並顯示輸出。我執行了大約 3000 個扇區，對於每個塊它計算的輸出是：（等等）
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140.00% done, 0:01 elapsed. (14/0/0 errors) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 310.00% done, 0:02 elapsed. (31/0/0 errors)在 gparted(live) 中顯示 /dev/sdc 磁碟，但它全部未分配，並且在掃描所有磁碟時顯示輸入/輸出讀取錯誤。當我嘗試創建一個新分區時，我收到一個沒有分區表的錯誤。我去設備 - 創建分區表，然後選擇 gpt，我得到大約 5-6 個輸入/輸出讀取錯誤，也在 /dev/sdc 上寫入。
當我在 gparted(live) 上輸入 gdisk 時，我得到：
Warning! Read error 5; strange behavior now likely! Warning! Read error 5; strange behavior now likely! Partition table scan: MBR: not present BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: not present Creating new GPT entries.當我執行 smartctl 時：
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo smartctl --all /dev/sdc smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.2.0-29-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Device Model: WDC WD30EZRX-00MMMB0 Serial Number: WD-WCAWZ2205xxxxx LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 25c5f8480 Firmware Version: 80.00A80 User Capacity: 3,000,592,982,016 bytes [3.00 TB] Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall] ATA Version is: 8 ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated Local Time is: Sat Sep 29 15:53:44 2012 UTC SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED General SMART Values: Offline data collection status: (0x84) Offline data collection activity was suspended by an interrupting command from host. Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled. Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed without error or no self-test has ever been run. Total time to complete Offline data collection: (50700) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate. Auto Offline data collection on/off support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering power-saving mode. Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported. General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 255) minutes. Conveyance self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes. SCT capabilities: (0x3035) SCT Status supported. SCT Feature Control supported. SCT Data Table supported. SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 199 140 021 Pre-fail Always - 7050 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 483 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0 7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 572 10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 142 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 31 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 198 198 000 Old_age Always - 8522 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 114 095 000 Old_age Always - 38 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 1 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0 SMART Error Log Version: 1 No Errors Logged SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error # 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 569 42084912 # 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 388 - SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1 SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS 1 0 0 Not_testing 2 0 0 Not_testing 3 0 0 Not_testing 4 0 0 Not_testing 5 0 0 Not_testing Selective self-test flags (0x0): After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk. If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.我的gdisk會話在這裡：但我最後得到的最有用的是：警告！主分區表與第一個分區重疊 34 個塊！您將需要刪除此分區或在另一個實用程序中調整它的大小。
user@debian:~$ sudo gdisk GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.5 Type device filename, or press <Enter> to exit: /dev/sdc Warning! Read error 5; strange behavior now likely! Warning! Read error 5; strange behavior now likely! Partition table scan: MBR: not present BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: not present Creating new GPT entries. Command (? for help): ? b back up GPT data to a file c change a partition's name d delete a partition i show detailed information on a partition l list known partition types n add a new partition o create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT) p print the partition table q quit without saving changes r recovery and transformation options (experts only) s sort partitions t change a partition's type code v verify disk w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) ? print this menu Command (? for help): n Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1 First sector (34-5860533134, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 2048 Last sector (2048-5860533134, default = 5860533134) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 5860533134 Current type is 'Linux filesystem' Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): l 0700 Microsoft basic data 0c01 Microsoft reserved 2700 Windows RE 4200 Windows LDM data 4201 Windows LDM metadata 7501 IBM GPFS 7f00 ChromeOS kernel 7f01 ChromeOS root 7f02 ChromeOS reserved 8200 Linux swap 8300 Linux filesystem 8301 Linux reserved 8e00 Linux LVM a500 FreeBSD disklabel a501 FreeBSD boot a502 FreeBSD swap a503 FreeBSD UFS a504 FreeBSD ZFS a505 FreeBSD Vinum/RAID a580 Midnight BSD data a581 Midnight BSD boot a582 Midnight BSD swap a583 Midnight BSD UFS a584 Midnight BSD ZFS a585 Midnight BSD Vinum a800 Apple UFS a901 NetBSD swap a902 NetBSD FFS a903 NetBSD LFS a904 NetBSD concatenated a905 NetBSD encrypted a906 NetBSD RAID ab00 Apple boot af00 Apple HFS/HFS+ af01 Apple RAID af02 Apple RAID offline af03 Apple label af04 AppleTV recovery af05 Apple Core Storage be00 Solaris boot bf00 Solaris root bf01 Solaris /usr & Mac Z bf02 Solaris swap bf03 Solaris backup bf04 Solaris /var bf05 Solaris /home bf06 Solaris alternate se bf07 Solaris Reserved 1 bf08 Solaris Reserved 2 bf09 Solaris Reserved 3 bf0a Solaris Reserved 4 bf0b Solaris Reserved 5 c001 HP-UX data c002 HP-UX service ef00 EFI System ef01 MBR partition scheme ef02 BIOS boot partition fd00 Linux RAID Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): ef01 Changed type of partition to 'MBR partition scheme' Command (? for help): ? b back up GPT data to a file c change a partition's name d delete a partition i show detailed information on a partition l list known partition types n add a new partition o create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT) p print the partition table q quit without saving changes r recovery and transformation options (experts only) s sort partitions t change a partition's type code v verify disk w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) ? print this menu Command (? for help): w Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING PARTITIONS!! Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdc. Unable to save backup partition table! Perhaps the 'e' option on the experts' menu will resolve this problem. Warning! An error was reported when writing the partition table! This error MIGHT be harmless, or the disk might be damaged! Checking it is advisable. Command (? for help): o This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR. Proceed? (Y/N): Y Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sdc: 5860533168 sectors, 2.7 TiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): 3995C753-D73D-4386-8818-3A9AF06E3B2C Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 5860533134 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 5860533101 sectors (2.7 TiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name Command (? for help): o This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR. Proceed? (Y/N): Y Command (? for help): w Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING PARTITIONS!! Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdc. Unable to save backup partition table! Perhaps the 'e' option on the experts' menu will resolve this problem. Warning! An error was reported when writing the partition table! This error MIGHT be harmless, or the disk might be damaged! Checking it is advisable. Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sdc: 5860533168 sectors, 2.7 TiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): F1AE4B7D-9CCE-4211-BE3D-88DFFCCD3696 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 5860533134 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 5860533101 sectors (2.7 TiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name Command (? for help): o This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR. Proceed? (Y/N): n Command (? for help): ? b back up GPT data to a file c change a partition's name d delete a partition i show detailed information on a partition l list known partition types n add a new partition o create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT) p print the partition table q quit without saving changes r recovery and transformation options (experts only) s sort partitions t change a partition's type code v verify disk w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) ? print this menu Command (? for help): d No partitions Command (? for help): i No partitions Command (? for help): r Recovery/transformation command (? for help): ? b use backup GPT header (rebuilding main) c load backup partition table from disk (rebuilding main) d use main GPT header (rebuilding backup) e load main partition table from disk (rebuilding backup) f load MBR and build fresh GPT from it g convert GPT into MBR and exit h make hybrid MBR i show detailed information on a partition l load partition data from a backup file m return to main menu o print protective MBR data p print the partition table q quit without saving changes t transform BSD disklabel partition v verify disk w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) ? print this menu Recovery/transformation command (? for help): f Warning! This will destroy the currently defined partitions! Proceed? (Y/N): Y Problem loading MBR! GPT is untouched; regenerating protective MBR! Recovery/transformation command (? for help): ? b use backup GPT header (rebuilding main) c load backup partition table from disk (rebuilding main) d use main GPT header (rebuilding backup) e load main partition table from disk (rebuilding backup) f load MBR and build fresh GPT from it g convert GPT into MBR and exit h make hybrid MBR i show detailed information on a partition l load partition data from a backup file m return to main menu o print protective MBR data p print the partition table q quit without saving changes t transform BSD disklabel partition v verify disk w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) ? print this menu Recovery/transformation command (? for help): v No problems found. 5860533101 free sectors (2.7 TiB) available in 1 segments, the largest of which is 5860533101 (2.7 TiB) in size. Recovery/transformation command (? for help): b Recovery/transformation command (? for help): c Warning! This will probably do weird things if you've converted an MBR to GPT form and haven't yet saved the GPT! Proceed? (Y/N): Y Warning! Read error 5! Misbehavior now likely! Caution! After loading partitions, the CRC doesn't check out! Recovery/transformation command (? for help): w Warning! Main partition table overlaps the first partition by 34 blocks! You will need to delete this partition or resize it in another utility. Aborting write of new partition table.無論我嘗試做什麼，我似乎都收到輸入/輸出錯誤，我嘗試在其上安裝 Ubuntu，它似乎創建了分區表，但是當我開始安裝時 - 輸入/輸出錯誤。
任何人都知道我該如何解決這個問題？我很高興發布更多日誌文件或其他任何內容，但我對 Linux 沒有經驗，我只是將它用於這類東西。磁碟很新，才幾個月，所以我懷疑是壞扇區。
您複製並粘貼了許多不必要的成績單，但您的第一段幾乎說明了一切：
當我在實時 ubuntu USB 上執行 sudo gparted 時，在讀取 /dev/sdc 時出現輸入/輸出錯誤。
所以你有一個有缺陷的磁碟。錯誤直接出現
/dev/sdc（不是/dev/sdc1or/dev/sda2等…），因此它適用於整個磁碟。因此分區表與它無關。您應該查看 的輸出
dmesg或內容/var/log/kern.log以獲取有關 I/O 錯誤的其他資訊。如果它是有缺陷的扇區，那麼這將告訴您它是哪個扇區。進行壞塊掃描
badblocks -w /dev/sdc可能會給您帶來有趣的輸出。它還可能會強制硬碟驅動器的板載韌體從其備用扇區池中重新分配壞扇區，以便您可以繼續使用該驅動器。