搜尋任意文件，但只在結果中列出一次匹配項

我想搜尋任意文件/目錄名稱，但只想在同一位置列出包含搜尋字元串的文件路徑一次。特別是不是目錄中的每個文件都與搜尋字元串匹配。

這是一個範例，locate -i flatpak列表：

/etc/flatpak
/etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.Flatpak.SystemHelper.conf
/etc/flatpak/remotes.d
/etc/profile.d/flatpak.sh
/home/simon/.cache/gnome-software/flatpak/installation-tmp/repo/objects/74
/home/simon/.cache/gnome-software/flatpak/installation-tmp/repo/objects/75
/home/simon/.cache/gnome-software/flatpak/installation-tmp/repo/objects/76
/home/simon/.cache/gnome-software/flatpak/installation-tmp/repo/objects/77
/home/simon/.cache/gnome-software/flatpak/installation-tmp/repo/objects/78
/home/simon/.cache/gnome-software/flatpak/installation-tmp/repo/objects/79
/home/simon/.cache/gnome-software/flatpak/installation-tmp/repo/objects/7a
/home/simon/.cache/gnome-software/flatpak/installation-tmp/repo/objects/7b
/home/simon/.cache/gnome-software/flatpak/installation-tmp/repo/objects/7c
/home/simon/.cache/gnome-software/flatpak/installation-tmp/repo/objects/7d
/var/lib/flatpak
/var/lib/flatpak/.changed
/var/lib/flatpak/.removed
/var/lib/flatpak/app
/var/lib/flatpak/appstream
/var/lib/flatpak/exports
/var/lib/flatpak/repo
/var/lib/flatpak/runtime

但我想要這樣的搜尋結果：

/etc/flatpak
/etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.Flatpak.SystemHelper.conf
/etc/profile.d/flatpak.sh
/home/simon/.cache/gnome-software/flatpak
/var/lib/flatpak

哪種工具最適合這個？locate, find, fd-find?

聽起來您只想flatpak在文件名中搜尋（而不是在其他路徑組件中），因此您可以使用-b/--basename選項：

所以：

locate -ib flatpak

另一種方法可能是使用-r/--regex選項並編寫：

locate -ir 'flapak[^/]*$'

除了文件路徑的結尾之外，flatpak後面還有任意數量的字元。/

但是，這可能會錯過 . 之後具有非字元（在目前語言環境中）的文件名flatpak。

您可以使用sed刪除 pattern 之後的所有內容flatpak，然後您可以對輸出進行排序並僅列印唯一的行：

locate -i flatpak | sed -E -e 's/(flatpak\/?).*/\1/i' -e 's/\/$//' | sort | uniq

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/554750