Fsck
fsck.vfat 無法修復 USB
背景
去年，當我在 Window 的文件資源管理器中使用 Ctrl-C 和 Ctrl-V 將超過 600MB 的大型影片文件從桌面複製到我的 U 盤時，我忘記了我的 U 盤只有 4GB 的儲存空間。從那時起，它就被破壞了。
我嘗試將其插入桌面。它安裝了幾秒鐘，然後卸下了。這樣重複幾次，然後就打不開了。
問題
今晚，我試圖
/dev/sdg1用fsck. 我從Question Overflow學習了命令。執行以下命令時未安裝它。# dosfsck -w -r -l -a -v -t /dev/sdg1 > err4.txt # cat err4.txt fsck.fat 3.0.26 (2014-03-07) fsck.fat 3.0.26 (2014-03-07) Checking we can access the last sector of the filesystem Boot sector contents: System ID "MSDOS5.0" Media byte 0xf8 (hard disk) 512 bytes per logical sector 4096 bytes per cluster 960 reserved sectors First FAT starts at byte 491520 (sector 960) 2 FATs, 32 bit entries 3948544 bytes per FAT (= 7712 sectors) Root directory start at cluster 2 (arbitrary size) Data area starts at byte 8388608 (sector 16384) 987038 data clusters (4042907648 bytes) 63 sectors/track, 255 heads 62 hidden sectors 7912688 sectors total Checking file / Checking file /Personal Data (PERSON~1) Checking file /LATEX Checking file /JFSW2.EXE ... Checking file /Personal Data/Pc-Lock pictures/PF830.JPG Checking file /Personal Data/Pc-Lock pictures/SD.JPG Checking file /Personal Data/Pc-Lock pictures/SSD.JPG Checking file /Personal Data/Pc-Lock pictures/StoreJet.jpg (STOREJET.JPG) Checking file /Personal Data/My Folders/. Checking file /Personal Data/My Folders/.. Checking file /Personal Data/My Folders/Pictures.zip (PICTURES.ZIP) /Personal Data/My Folders/Pictures.zip Cluster 188 (133912) is unreadable. Skipping it. /Personal Data/My Folders/Pictures.zip Cluster 188 (133913) is unreadable. Skipping it. /Personal Data/My Folders/Pictures.zip Cluster 188 (133914) is unreadable. Skipping it. /Personal Data/My Folders/Pictures.zip Cluster 188 (133915) is unreadable. Skipping it. ... /Personal Data/My Folders/Pictures.zip Cluster 188 (135168) is unreadable. Skipping it.然後我觀察到它
/dev/sdg1變成了/dev/sdh1，但我根本沒有觸摸 U 盤。這是有關我的桌面和 USB 記憶棒的文件系統類型的資訊。
/dev/sda3並且/dev/sda5分別是C和D驅動器。/dev/sda6-8適用於 Ubuntu。# blkid /dev/sda1: UUID="2CD3-8FE2" TYPE="vfat" /dev/sda2: LABEL="RECOVERY" UUID="581C73CC1C73A422" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda3: LABEL="OS" UUID="432124AD08015DA8" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda5: UUID="76EA5D8F396390CF" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda6: UUID="710414a3-c379-4c9f-b4cd-8781c6612e41" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda7: UUID="13d1958a-e6ac-4b73-b597-2ef17f92dade" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda8: UUID="1338c1b0-7265-440a-ad76-a400cddc0a32" TYPE="swap" /dev/sda9: UUID="58c3ff6b-f241-4c41-964f-022388db1755" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda10: UUID="H8XCbA-MEf2-9SSd-bffN-sXyJ-Mvcj-SwCnlG" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/mapper/vg_014199203162-lv_swap: UUID="cda4c7ab-0b84-4c12-8f55-9823c12c8950" TYPE="swap" /dev/mapper/vg_014199203162-f17root: LABEL="_Fedora-17-i686-" UUID="338fb7fe-261f-4a7f-ac57-fd16b4e21792" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/vg_014199203162-home: UUID="b19cf480-f882-4093-9683-edc9b2365931" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdg1: UUID="08F1-B181" TYPE="vfat"去年，我從
tty1使用screendump. 我觀察到這些塊16384-16391反復出現。$ ls /media/owner/08F1-B181/ [ 2543.126034] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16384) failed [ 2543.127680] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16385) failed [ 2543.129345] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16386) failed [ 2543.131001] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16387) failed [ 2543.132664] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16388) failed [ 2543.133720] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16389) failed [ 2543.134689] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16390) failed [ 2543.135658] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16391) failed $ sudo screendump > err1.txt [ 2492.101487] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16385) failed [ 2492.103723] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16386) failed [ 2492.105919] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16387) failed [ 2492.108077] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16388) failed [ 2492.109698] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16389) failed [ 2492.111242] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16390) failed [ 2492.112755] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16391) failed $ sudo screendump > err1.txt [ 2505.637759] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16384) failed [ 2505.640392] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16385) failed [ 2505.642960] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16386) failed [ 2505.645479] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16387) failed [ 2505.646969] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16388) failed [ 2505.648361] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16389) failed [ 2505.649739] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16390) failed [ 2505.651098] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16391) failed [ 2505.652455] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16384) failed [ 2505.653776] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16385) failed [ 2505.655073] FAT-fs (sdf1): FAT read failed (blocknr 1264) -bash: err1.txt: Input/output error $ ls [ 2514.902553] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16384) failed [ 2514.904685] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16385) failed [ 2514.906765] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16386) failed [ 2514.908830] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16387) failed [ 2514.910083] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16388) failed [ 2514.911230] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16389) failed [ 2514.912373] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16390) failed [ 2514.913501] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16391) failed $ cd GE[ 2520.571564] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16384) failed [ 2520.573560] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16385) failed [ 2520.575570] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16386) failed [ 2520.577540] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16387) failed [ 2520.579464] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16388) failed [ 2520.581348] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16389) failed [ 2520.583180] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16390) failed [ 2520.585002] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16391) failed [ 2520.586242] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16384) failed [ 2520.587227] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16385) failed cd .. -bash: cd: GEcd: No such file or directory $ cd .. $ cd $ ls /m[ 2535.708028] FAT-fs (sdf1): bread failed in fat_clusters_flush $ ls /media/owner/08F1-B181/ [ 2543.126034] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16384) failed [ 2543.127680] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16385) failed [ 2543.129345] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16386) failed [ 2543.131001] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16387) failed [ 2543.132664] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16388) failed [ 2543.133720] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16389) failed [ 2543.134689] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16390) failed [ 2543.135658] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16391) failed $ sudo screendump > err1.txt $ sudo ./custom_umount.sh [ 2562.338570] FAT-fs (sdf1): unable to read boot sector to mark fs as dirty可以做些什麼來檢索我的 U 盤中的數據？有什麼辦法可以格式化這個 U 盤嗎？
為了回答 Giles 的問題，我發布了來自
/var/log/kern.log./dev/sdf1今天早上檢測到我的 USB 。Apr 10 09:48:57 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 664.264018] usb 2-1: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci-pci Apr 10 09:48:58 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 664.450207] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000 Apr 10 09:48:58 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 664.450212] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 Apr 10 09:48:58 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 664.450216] usb 2-1: Product: Mass Storage Device Apr 10 09:48:58 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 664.450220] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash Apr 10 09:48:58 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 664.450223] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: 49FBA7ASLQLI85XB Apr 10 09:48:58 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 664.450505] usb-storage 2-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected Apr 10 09:48:58 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 664.452264] scsi3 : usb-storage 2-1:1.0 Apr 10 09:48:59 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 665.625373] scsi 3:0:0:0: Direct-Access JetFlash Transcend 4GB 1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 CCS Apr 10 09:48:59 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 665.625637] sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg6 type 0 Apr 10 09:48:59 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 665.626204] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdf] 7913472 512-byte logical blocks: (4.05 GB/3.77 GiB) Apr 10 09:48:59 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 665.626964] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdf] Write Protect is off Apr 10 09:48:59 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 665.626967] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdf] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 Apr 10 09:48:59 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 665.629683] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdf] No Caching mode page found Apr 10 09:48:59 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 665.629688] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdf] Assuming drive cache: write through Apr 10 09:48:59 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 665.633958] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdf] No Caching mode page found Apr 10 09:48:59 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 665.633963] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdf] Assuming drive cache: write through Apr 10 09:48:59 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 665.635278] sdf: sdf1 Apr 10 09:48:59 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 665.638587] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdf] No Caching mode page found Apr 10 09:48:59 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 665.638594] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdf] Assuming drive cache: write through Apr 10 09:48:59 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 665.638599] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdf] Attached SCSI removable disk Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.577641] usb 2-1: USB disconnect, device number 3 Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.588035] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdf] Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.588041] Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.588044] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdf] CDB: Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.588046] Write(10): 2a 00 00 00 00 3e 00 00 01 00 Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.588059] end_request: I/O error, dev sdf, sector 62 Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.588064] Buffer I/O error on device sdf1, logical block 0 Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.588066] lost page write due to I/O error on sdf1 Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.588596] FAT-fs (sdf1): FAT read failed (blocknr 1042) Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.592660] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16384) failed Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.592666] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16385) failed Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.592668] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16386) failed Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.592670] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16387) failed Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.592672] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16388) failed Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.592674] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16389) failed Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.592676] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16390) failed Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.592678] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16391) failed Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.592841] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16384) failed Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.592843] FAT-fs (sdf1): Directory bread(block 16385) failed Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.726597] FAT-fs (sdf1): FAT read failed (blocknr 960) Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.928055] usb 2-1: new high-speed USB device number 4 using ehci-pci Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 671.114205] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=8564, idProduct=1000 Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 671.114209] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 671.114211] usb 2-1: Product: Mass Storage Device Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 671.114213] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: JetFlash Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 671.114215] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: 49FBA7ASLQLI85XB Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 671.114482] usb-storage 2-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 671.114531] scsi4 : usb-storage 2-1:1.0 Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 671.165582] FAT-fs (sdf1): unable to read boot sector to mark fs as dirty Apr 10 09:49:05 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 672.285361] scsi 4:0:0:0: Direct-Access JetFlash Transcend 4GB 1100 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 CCS Apr 10 09:49:05 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 672.285607] sd 4:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg6 type 0 Apr 10 09:49:05 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 672.289169] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdf] 7913472 512-byte logical blocks: (4.05 GB/3.77 GiB) Apr 10 09:49:05 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 672.290238] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdf] Write Protect is off Apr 10 09:49:05 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 672.290242] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdf] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 Apr 10 09:49:05 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 672.291531] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdf] No Caching mode page found Apr 10 09:49:05 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 672.291535] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdf] Assuming drive cache: write through Apr 10 09:49:05 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 672.295714] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdf] No Caching mode page found Apr 10 09:49:05 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 672.295718] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdf] Assuming drive cache: write through Apr 10 09:49:05 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 672.297077] sdf: sdf1 Apr 10 09:49:05 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 672.300147] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdf] No Caching mode page found Apr 10 09:49:05 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 672.300151] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdf] Assuming drive cache: write through Apr 10 09:49:05 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 672.300154] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdf] Attached SCSI removable disk
從核心日誌：
Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.588044] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdf] CDB: Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.588046] Write(10): 2a 00 00 00 00 3e 00 00 01 00 Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.588059] end_request: I/O error, dev sdf, sector 62 Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.588064] Buffer I/O error on device sdf1, logical block 0 Apr 10 09:49:04 owner-Inspiron-560s kernel: [ 670.588066] lost page write due to I/O error on sdf1這不好：這是硬體錯誤，比文件系統低。
fsck有助於解決軟體級錯誤，但無法修復硬體；執行它甚至可能使事情變得更糟，因為它試圖移動數據，但不能因為某些空間無法寫入。USB記憶棒往往便宜且不可靠。您的某些數據可能已失去。嘗試ddrescue將大部分文件系統恢復到磁碟映像中，但不可讀的扇區可能會永遠失去。我不會嘗試將新數據儲存在經過驗證的壞棒上。