Hard-Disk
如何修復外部硬碟上的 I/O 錯誤？
我正在嘗試格式化此外部硬碟驅動器，但失敗了。我曾嘗試使用 gparted，但出現錯誤：“Error de E/S en la máquina remota during write on /dev/sdb”
還嘗試在終端上使用 dd 命令，但方式相同：
root:# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=1024 dd: error al escribir en '/dev/sdb': Error de entrada/salida 65+0 registros leídos 64+0 registros escritos 65536 bytes (66 kB, 64 KiB) copied, 3.44742 s, 19.0 kB/s該驅動器在下面列出
fdisk -l但/etc/fstab/無法辨識。幾週前我在 Windows 10 上對其進行格式化時開始出現此問題，這樣做後，它開始降低其性能，並且在其上寫入文件需要比平時更長的時間，現在我發現某些文件已損壞並且不能被取回。
我想要的只是格式化它並將其保留為新的。無需恢復文件，只需讓它再次工作。
編輯：
dmesg 輸出：
[ 5070.478844] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Spinning up disk... [ 5074.591076] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB) [ 5074.591512] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off [ 5074.591517] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 [ 5074.591684] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 5075.027725] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk [ 5077.983527] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [ 5077.983545] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Hardware Error [current] [ 5077.983553] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Internal target failure [ 5077.983559] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00 [ 5077.983565] blk_update_request: critical target error, dev sdc, sector 2048 [ 5080.503688] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [ 5080.503706] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [ 5080.503712] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error [ 5080.503719] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00 [ 5080.503725] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 2048 [ 5080.503735] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 256, async page read [ 5193.596565] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [ 5193.596583] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Hardware Error [current] [ 5193.596590] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Internal target failure [ 5193.596597] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 00 80 00 00 08 00 [ 5193.596602] blk_update_request: critical target error, dev sdc, sector 128 [ 5197.144414] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [ 5197.144431] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Hardware Error [current] [ 5197.144438] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Internal target failure [ 5197.144445] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00 [ 5197.144451] blk_update_request: critical target error, dev sdc, sector 2048 [ 5199.664609] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [ 5199.664629] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [ 5199.664637] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error [ 5199.664644] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00 [ 5199.664651] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 2048 [ 5199.664662] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 256, async page read [ 5554.703903] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronizing SCSI cache [ 5554.950855] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronize Cache(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK [ 5559.423288] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Spinning up disk... [ 5563.519760] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB) [ 5563.520280] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off [ 5563.520286] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 [ 5563.520466] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 5563.953895] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk [ 5566.909766] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [ 5566.909784] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Hardware Error [current] [ 5566.909792] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Internal target failure [ 5566.909799] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00 [ 5566.909805] blk_update_request: critical target error, dev sdc, sector 2048 [ 5569.429940] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [ 5569.429958] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [ 5569.429965] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error [ 5569.429973] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00 [ 5569.429983] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 2048 [ 5569.429994] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 256, async page read [ 5589.767745] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronizing SCSI cache [ 5590.014674] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronize Cache(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK [ 5593.835410] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Spinning up disk... [ 5597.951543] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB) [ 5597.952051] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off [ 5597.952058] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 [ 5597.952225] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 5598.384619] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk [ 5601.340395] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [ 5601.340413] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Hardware Error [current] [ 5601.340420] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Internal target failure [ 5601.340427] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00 [ 5601.340433] blk_update_request: critical target error, dev sdc, sector 2048 [ 5603.860687] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [ 5603.860706] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [ 5603.860712] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error [ 5603.860719] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 08 00 [ 5603.860725] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 2048 [ 5603.860735] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 256, async page read編輯2： smartctl -a /dev/sdc 輸出：
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Seagate Momentus 5400.6 Device Model: ST9320325AS Serial Number: 5VEJEL2E LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0394053d7 Firmware Version: 0002CE02 User Capacity: 320 072 933 376 bytes [320 GB] Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4 SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s Local Time is: Thu May 31 15:12:17 2018 CDT SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED General SMART Values: Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity was completed without error. Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled. Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed without error or no self-test has ever been run. Total time to complete Offline data collection: ( 0) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate. Auto Offline data collection on/off support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering power-saving mode. Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported. General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 99) minutes. Conveyance self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes. SCT capabilities: (0x103b) SCT Status supported. SCT Error Recovery Control supported. SCT Feature Control supported. SCT Data Table supported. SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 089 089 006 Pre-fail Always - 232775642 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 098 098 000 Pre-fail Always - 0 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 152 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 091 091 036 Pre-fail Always - 194 7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 100 253 030 Pre-fail Always - 252775 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 206 10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 020 Old_age Always - 1466 184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0 187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 883 188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 063 057 045 Old_age Always - 37 (Min/Max 36/37) 191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 309 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1565 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 037 043 000 Old_age Always - 37 (0 22 0 0 0) 195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 060 045 000 Old_age Always - 232775642 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 191 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 191 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 SMART Error Log Version: 1 ATA Error Count: 2254 (device log contains only the most recent five errors) CR = Command Register [HEX] FR = Features Register [HEX] SC = Sector Count Register [HEX] SN = Sector Number Register [HEX] CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX] CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX] DH = Device/Head Register [HEX] DC = Device Command Register [HEX] ER = Error register [HEX] ST = Status register [HEX] Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes, SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days. Error 2254 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 206 hours (8 days + 14 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 00 01 08 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000801 = 2049 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- 25 03 08 00 08 00 40 00 00:00:08.281 READ DMA EXT ef 03 46 00 00 00 00 00 00:00:08.280 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode] ef 03 0c 00 00 00 00 00 00:00:08.279 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode] ec 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00:00:08.272 IDENTIFY DEVICE 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00:00:08.216 NOP [Abort queued commands] Error 2253 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 206 hours (8 days + 14 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 00 01 08 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000801 = 2049 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- 60 00 08 00 08 00 40 00 00:00:05.747 READ FPDMA QUEUED 60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.742 READ FPDMA QUEUED 60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.741 READ FPDMA QUEUED 60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.740 READ FPDMA QUEUED 60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.735 READ FPDMA QUEUED Error 2252 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 206 hours (8 days + 14 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 00 01 08 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000801 = 2049 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- 25 03 08 00 08 00 40 00 00:00:08.301 READ DMA EXT ef 03 46 00 00 00 00 00 00:00:08.300 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode] ef 03 0c 00 00 00 00 00 00:00:08.299 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode] ec 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00:00:08.292 IDENTIFY DEVICE 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00:00:08.225 NOP [Abort queued commands] Error 2251 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 206 hours (8 days + 14 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 00 01 08 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000801 = 2049 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- 60 00 08 00 08 00 40 00 00:00:05.756 READ FPDMA QUEUED 60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.751 READ FPDMA QUEUED 60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.750 READ FPDMA QUEUED 60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.750 READ FPDMA QUEUED 60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:00:05.744 READ FPDMA QUEUED Error 2250 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 205 hours (8 days + 13 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 00 01 08 00 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00000801 = 2049 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- -------------------- 25 03 08 00 08 00 40 00 00:02:07.468 READ DMA EXT ef 03 46 00 00 00 00 00 00:02:07.467 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode] ef 03 0c 00 00 00 00 00 00:02:07.467 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode] ec 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00:02:07.459 IDENTIFY DEVICE 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00:02:07.403 NOP [Abort queued commands] SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t] SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1 SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS 1 0 0 Not_testing 2 0 0 Not_testing 3 0 0 Not_testing 4 0 0 Not_testing 5 0 0 Not_testing Selective self-test flags (0x0): After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk. If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
“驅動器已死或快死了。回收並更換它。提示：當 smartctl 為報告的未更正錯誤提供非零值時，這意味著驅動器已用盡製造商預留的備用扇區供應，故障迫在眉睫。 ——亞歷克斯P”