Html

CGI（通用網關介面）程序不會從 HTML 頁面執行，獲得“禁止”權限

  • July 27, 2021

我正在嘗試執行來自此 Wikipedia 頁面https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface的範例 CGI 程序

HTML程式碼如下，文件名為“add.html”

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
 <form action="add.cgi" method="POST">
  <fieldset>
    <legend>Enter two numbers to add</legend>
    <label>First Number: <input type="number" name="num1"></label><br/>
    <label>Second Number: <input type="number" name="num2"></label><br/>
  </fieldset>
  <button>Add</button>
 </form>
</body>
</html>

而CGI程式碼如下，文件名為“add.cgi”

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import cgi, cgitb
cgitb.enable()

input_data = cgi.FieldStorage()

print('Content-Type: text/html') # HTML is following
print('')                         # Leave a blank line
print('<h1>Addition Results</h1>')
try:
   num1 = int(input_data["num1"].value)
   num2 = int(input_data["num2"].value)
except:
   print('<output>Sorry, the script cannot turn your inputs into numbers (integers).</output>')
   raise SystemExit(1)
print('<output>{0} + {1} = {2}</output>'.format(num1, num2, num1 + num2))

我的 apache 配置文件位於

User@User-VirtualBox:/etc/apache2/sites-available$ sudo vim 000-default.conf

程式碼如下

<VirtualHost *:80>
       # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
       # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
       # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
       # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
       # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
       # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
       # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
       #ServerName www.example.com

       ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
       DocumentRoot /var/www/html
       <Directory /var/www/>
               Options ExecCGI Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
               AllowOverride None
               Order allow,deny
               allow from all
               AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
       </Directory>
       # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
       # error, crit, alert, emerg.
       # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
       # modules, e.g.
       #LogLevel info ssl:warn

       ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
       CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

       # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
       # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
       # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
       # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
       # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
       #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf 




</VirtualHost>

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

Apache 配置文件位於此處

User@User-VirtualBox:/etc/apache2$ sudo vim apache2.conf

apache2.conf中的程式碼如下

# This is the main Apache server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/ for detailed information about
# the directives and /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian about Debian specific
# hints.
#
#
# Summary of how the Apache 2 configuration works in Debian:
# The Apache 2 web server configuration in Debian is quite different to
# upstream's suggested way to configure the web server. This is because Debian's
# default Apache2 installation attempts to make adding and removing modules,
# virtual hosts, and extra configuration directives as flexible as possible, in
# order to make automating the changes and administering the server as easy as
# possible.

# It is split into several files forming the configuration hierarchy outlined
# below, all located in the /etc/apache2/ directory:
#
#       /etc/apache2/
#       |-- apache2.conf
#       |       `--  ports.conf
#       |-- mods-enabled
#       |       |-- *.load
#       |       `-- *.conf
#       |-- conf-enabled
#       |       `-- *.conf
#       `-- sites-enabled
#               `-- *.conf
#
#
# * apache2.conf is the main configuration file (this file). It puts the pieces
#   together by including all remaining configuration files when starting up the
#   web server.
#
# * ports.conf is always included from the main configuration file. It is
#   supposed to determine listening ports for incoming connections which can be
#   customized anytime.
#
# * Configuration files in the mods-enabled/, conf-enabled/ and sites-enabled/
#   directories contain particular configuration snippets which manage modules,
#   global configuration fragments, or virtual host configurations,
#   respectively.
#
#   They are activated by symlinking available configuration files from their
#   respective *-available/ counterparts. These should be managed by using our
#   helpers a2enmod/a2dismod, a2ensite/a2dissite and a2enconf/a2disconf. See
#   their respective man pages for detailed information.
#
# * The binary is called apache2. Due to the use of environment variables, in
#   the default configuration, apache2 needs to be started/stopped with
#   /etc/init.d/apache2 or apache2ctl. Calling /usr/bin/apache2 directly will not
#   work with the default configuration.


# Global configuration
#

#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# NOTE!  If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network)
# mounted filesystem then please read the Mutex documentation (available
# at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#mutex>);
# you will save yourself a lot of trouble.
#
# Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path.
#
#ServerRoot "/etc/apache2"

#
# The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK.
#
#Mutex file:${APACHE_LOCK_DIR} default

#
# The directory where shm and other runtime files will be stored.
#

DefaultRuntimeDir ${APACHE_RUN_DIR}

#
# PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process
# identification number when it starts.
# This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
#
PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE}

#
# Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out.
#
Timeout 300

#
# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than
# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.
#
KeepAlive On

#
# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow
# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.
# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.
#
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100

#
# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the
# same client on the same connection.
#
KeepAliveTimeout 5


# These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
User ${APACHE_RUN_USER}
Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP}

#
# HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses
# e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off).
# The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people
# had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that
# each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the
# nameserver.
#
HostnameLookups Off

# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

#
# LogLevel: Control the severity of messages logged to the error_log.
# Available values: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
# error, crit, alert, emerg.
# It is also possible to configure the log level for particular modules, e.g.
# "LogLevel info ssl:warn"
#
LogLevel warn

# Include module configuration:
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.load
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.conf

# Include list of ports to listen on
Include ports.conf


# Sets the default security model of the Apache2 HTTPD server. It does
# not allow access to the root filesystem outside of /usr/share and /var/www.
# The former is used by web applications packaged in Debian,
# the latter may be used for local directories served by the web server. If
# your system is serving content from a sub-directory in /srv you must allow
# access here, or in any related virtual host.
<Directory />
       Options FollowSymLinks
       AllowOverride None
       Require all denied
</Directory>

<Directory /usr/share>
       AllowOverride None
       Require all granted
</Directory>

<Directory /var/www/>
       Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
       AllowOverride All
       Require all granted
</Directory>

#<Directory /srv/>
#       Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
#       AllowOverride None
#       Require all granted
#</Directory>




# AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory
# for additional configuration directives.  See also the AllowOverride
# directive.
#
AccessFileName .htaccess

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
       Require all denied
</FilesMatch>


#
# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
# a CustomLog directive.
#
# These deviate from the Common Log Format definitions in that they use %O
# (the actual bytes sent including headers) instead of %b (the size of the
# requested file), because the latter makes it impossible to detect partial
# requests.
#
# Note that the use of %{X-Forwarded-For}i instead of %h is not recommended.
# Use mod_remoteip instead.
#
LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent

# Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files,
# see README.Debian for details.

# Include generic snippets of statements
IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf

# Include the virtual host configurations:
IncludeOptional sites-enabled/*.conf

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet


#########     Adding capaility to run CGI-scripts #################
ServerName localhost
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /var/www/cgi-bin/
Options +ExecCGI
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl .py

雖然我在以下目錄中也有 add.html 和 add.cgi

User@User-VirtualBox:/usr/lib/cgi-bin$ sudo vim add.cgi
User@User-VirtualBox:/usr/lib/cgi-bin$ sudo vim add.html

我試圖通過執行以下命令使它們可執行


User@User-VirtualBox:/usr/lib/cgi-bin$ sudo chmod a+x add.cgi
User@User-VirtualBox:/usr/lib/cgi-bin$ sudo chmod a+x add.html

現在，當我嘗試從以下 url 執行 add.html

http://localhost/cgi-bin/add.html

我得到了“禁止”權限，不允許。

在此處輸入圖像描述

有人對如何使腳本起作用有任何建議嗎？或者也許可以將我連結到有效的 cgi 腳本，我束手無策，我不知道還有什麼可以嘗試的。

非常感謝您的任何意見，謝謝。

**更新：**我已將文件移動到以下目錄，使用以下命令授予執行和重新載入 apache 的權限

User@User-VirtualBox:/$ cd /var/www/html
User@User-VirtualBox: /var/www/html$ sudo vim add.cgi
User@User-VirtualBox: /var/www/html$ sudo vim add.html
User@User-VirtualBox:/var/www/html$ sudo chmod a+x add.cgi
User@User-VirtualBox:/var/www/html$ sudo chmod a+x add.html
User@User-VirtualBox:/var/www/html$ systemctl reload apache2

add.html 文件載入

add.html 前

但是按下添加按鈕時我仍然遇到同樣的問題

add.cgi ex

以下是apache給出的最後兩個錯誤程式碼

User@User-VirtualBox:/var/www/html$     sudo tail -n 2 /var/log/apache2/error.log
[Mon Jul 26 21:14:05.882030 2021] [core:notice] [pid 770:tid 139880185056320] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/apache2'
[Mon Jul 26 21:40:13.567334 2021] [authz_core:error] [pid 772:tid 139880105506560] [client 127.0.0.1:42216] AH01630: client denied by server configuration: /usr/www

更新 2

以下程式碼顯示了使用的 MPM 和 CGI​​ 模組

User@User-VirtualBox:~$ ls /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/mpm* /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/cgi*
/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/cgid.conf  /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/mpm_event.conf
/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/cgid.load  /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/mpm_event.load

您似乎有一個 Debian 風格的 Apache 配置目錄樹。不同的發行版會以不同的方式佈置 Apache 配置文件，因此提及您正在使用的作業系統或 Linux 發行版的名稱會很有用。

您正在使用哪些 MPM 和 CGI​​ 模組？請編輯您的問題以顯示ls /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/mpm* /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/cgi*.

Apache Web 伺服器文件在 mod_cgi 模組上有這樣的說法：

在 unix 下使用多執行緒 MPM 時，mod_cgid應使用該模組代替該模組。

因此，如果您使用的是 classic mpm_prefork，那mod_cgi就沒問題了。但是如果你使用mpm_workeror mpm_event（為了性能和/或為了 HTTP/2 支持），你應該使用它mod_cgid。

如果您既沒有mod_cgi也沒有mod_cgid啟用（分別使用a2enmod cgi或啟用a2enmod cgid），這可能解釋了為什麼您的 CGI 腳本無法工作。

注意：a2enmod和a2dismod命令特定於 Debian 和相關發行版，以及特定的 Apache 配置文件佈局。它們不會出現在將使用更簡單的 Apache 預設配置的其他發行版中。

該消息AH01630: client denied by server configuration: /usr/www表明您/var/www實際上可能是指向/usr/www. <Directory>Apache 配置中的任何塊都必須引用實際路徑，而不是通過符號連結的路徑。因此，如果為您realpath /var/www/html/add.cgi返回/usr/www/html/add.cgi，那麼您<Directory /var/www/>將不正確，應替換為<Directory /usr/www/>.

來源：http ://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#directory

注意目錄路徑參數：它們必須與 Apache httpd 用於訪問文件的文件系統路徑完全匹配。應用於特定的指令<Directory>將不適用於通過不同路徑從同一目錄訪問的文件，例如通過不同的符號連結。

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/660103

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