Linux
Linux 核心無法辨識分區表
我經常遇到 U 盤或 SD 卡的分區表突然不再被核心辨識，而 (g)parted 和 fdisk 仍然可以看到它，其他系統也是如此。我什至可以指示 gparted 在其中一個分區上執行 fsck，但它當然會失敗，因為設備文件假設 /dev/sdbX 不存在。
我將附上 dmesg 輸出：
[ 8771.136129] usb 1-5: new high-speed USB device number 4 using ehci_hcd [ 8771.330322] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver... [ 8771.330766] scsi4 : usb-storage 1-5:1.0 [ 8771.331108] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [ 8771.331118] USB Mass Storage support registered. [ 8772.329734] scsi 4:0:0:0: Direct-Access Generic STORAGE DEVICE 0207 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 [ 8772.334359] sd 4:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0 [ 8772.619619] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] 31586304 512-byte logical blocks: (16.1 GB/15.0 GiB) [ 8772.620955] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 8772.620971] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 0b 00 00 08 [ 8772.622303] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present [ 8772.622317] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 8772.629970] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present [ 8772.629992] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 8775.030231] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code [ 8775.030240] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [ 8775.030249] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [ 8775.030259] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Data phase CRC error detected [ 8775.030271] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 [ 8775.030291] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 0 [ 8775.030300] quiet_error: 30 callbacks suppressed [ 8775.030306] Buffer I/O error on device sdb, logical block 0 [ 8775.033781] ldm_validate_partition_table(): Disk read failed. [ 8775.033813] Dev sdb: unable to read RDB block 0 [ 8775.037147] sdb: unable to read partition table [ 8775.047170] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present [ 8775.047185] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 8775.047196] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk另一方面，parted 必須同時對同一個磁碟說：
(parted) print Model: Generic STORAGE DEVICE (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 16.2GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 4194kB 62.9MB 58.7MB primary fat16 lba 2 62.9MB 16.2GB 16.1GB primary ext4它不僅是分開的，即使是較舊的 fdisk 對該分區表也沒有問題：
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 16.2 GB, 16172187648 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 15423 cylinders, total 31586304 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000dbfc6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 8192 122879 57344 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sdb2 122880 31586303 15731712 83 Linux我真是一頭霧水。很容易說分區表已損壞，但是為什麼 gparted 仍然可以毫無怨言地讀取它（並且沒有抱怨），或者我如何從 (g)parted 奇蹟般地發現的內容重建分區表？
由於某種原因，您的核心無法讀取分區表：
[ 8775.030291] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 0 [ 8775.030300] quiet_error: 30 callbacks suppressed [ 8775.030306] Buffer I/O error on device sdb, logical block 0 [ 8775.033781] ldm_validate_partition_table(): Disk read failed.因此，它無法為分區創建設備，因為它沒有讀取分區表。稍後當您嘗試使用 parted 或 fdisk 查看分區表時，IO 已成功執行。
partprobe /dev/sdX當您的核心在啟動時無法辨識分區時，請嘗試使用。人部分探針：
PARTPROBE(8) GNU Parted Manual PARTPROBE(8) NAME partprobe - inform the OS of partition table changes SYNOPSIS partprobe [-d] [-s] [devices...] DESCRIPTION This manual page documents briefly the partprobe command. partprobe is a program that informs the operating system kernel of partition table changes, by requesting that the operating system re-read the partition table.