讀取 ELF 文件的內容（以程式方式）

我正在嘗試檢索 ELF 二進製文件中附加部分的內容。此時，我正在使用以下程式碼來檢索每個部分的名稱：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#pragma pack(push,1)
#pragma pack(pop)

#define EI_NIDENT       16

/* 32-bit ELF base types. */
typedef unsigned int Elf32_Addr;
typedef unsigned short Elf32_Half;
typedef unsigned int Elf32_Off;
typedef signed int Elf32_Sword;
typedef unsigned int Elf32_Word;

/* 64-bit ELF base types. */
typedef unsigned long long Elf64_Addr;
typedef unsigned short Elf64_Half;
typedef signed short Elf64_SHalf;
typedef unsigned long long Elf64_Off;
typedef signed int Elf64_Sword;
typedef unsigned int Elf64_Word;
typedef unsigned long long Elf64_Xword;
typedef signed long long Elf64_Sxword;

typedef struct elf32_hdr{
 unsigned char e_ident[EI_NIDENT];
 Elf32_Half    e_type;
 Elf32_Half    e_machine;
 Elf32_Word    e_version;
 Elf32_Addr    e_entry;  /* Entry point */
 Elf32_Off e_phoff;
 Elf32_Off e_shoff;
 Elf32_Word    e_flags;
 Elf32_Half    e_ehsize;
 Elf32_Half    e_phentsize;
 Elf32_Half    e_phnum;
 Elf32_Half    e_shentsize;
 Elf32_Half    e_shnum;
 Elf32_Half    e_shstrndx;
} Elf32_Ehdr;

typedef struct elf32_shdr {
 Elf32_Word    sh_name;
 Elf32_Word    sh_type;
 Elf32_Word    sh_flags;
 Elf32_Addr    sh_addr;
 Elf32_Off sh_offset;
 Elf32_Word    sh_size;
 Elf32_Word    sh_link;
 Elf32_Word    sh_info;
 Elf32_Word    sh_addralign;
 Elf32_Word    sh_entsize;
} Elf32_Shdr;

typedef struct elf64_hdr {
 unsigned char e_ident[EI_NIDENT]; /* ELF "magic number" */
 Elf64_Half e_type;
 Elf64_Half e_machine;
 Elf64_Word e_version;
 Elf64_Addr e_entry;       /* Entry point virtual address */
 Elf64_Off e_phoff;        /* Program header table file offset */
 Elf64_Off e_shoff;        /* Section header table file offset */
 Elf64_Word e_flags;
 Elf64_Half e_ehsize;
 Elf64_Half e_phentsize;
 Elf64_Half e_phnum;
 Elf64_Half e_shentsize;
 Elf64_Half e_shnum;
 Elf64_Half e_shstrndx;
} Elf64_Ehdr;

typedef struct elf64_shdr {
 Elf64_Word sh_name;       /* Section name, index in string tbl */
 Elf64_Word sh_type;       /* Type of section */
 Elf64_Xword sh_flags;     /* Miscellaneous section attributes */
 Elf64_Addr sh_addr;       /* Section virtual addr at execution */
 Elf64_Off sh_offset;      /* Section file offset */
 Elf64_Xword sh_size;      /* Size of section in bytes */
 Elf64_Word sh_link;       /* Index of another section */
 Elf64_Word sh_info;       /* Additional section information */
 Elf64_Xword sh_addralign; /* Section alignment */
 Elf64_Xword sh_entsize;   /* Entry size if section holds table */
} Elf64_Shdr;



int main(int argc, char **argv) 
{
 FILE* ElfFile = NULL;
 char* SectNames = NULL;
 Elf64_Ehdr elfHdr;
 Elf64_Shdr sectHdr;
 uint32_t idx;

 if(argc != 2) {
   printf("usage: %s <ELF_FILE>\n", argv[0]);
   exit(1);
 }

 if((ElfFile = fopen(argv[1], "r")) == NULL) {
   perror("[E] Error opening file:");
   exit(1);
 }

 // read ELF header, first thing in the file
 fread(&elfHdr, 1, sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr), ElfFile);

 // read section name string table
 // first, read its header. 
 /* 
  e_shoff         This member holds the section header table's file offset
                  in bytes.  If the file has no section header table, this
                  member holds zero.

  e_shstrndx      This member holds the section header table index of the
              entry associated with the section name string table.  If
          the file has no section name string table, this member
          holds the value SHN_UNDEF.

          If the index of section name string table section is
          larger than or equal to SHN_LORESERVE (0xff00), this
          member holds SHN_XINDEX (0xffff) and the real index of
          the section name string table section is held in the
          sh_link member of the initial entry in section header
          table.  Otherwise, the sh_link member of the initial
          entry in section header table contains the value zero.

          SHN_UNDEF     This value marks an undefined, missing,
                        irrelevant, or otherwise meaningless
                        section reference.  For example, a symbol
                        "defined" relative to section number
                        SHN_UNDEF is an undefined symbol.

          SHN_LORESERVE This value specifies the lower bound of the
                        range of reserved indices.

          SHN_LOPROC    Values greater than or equal to SHN_HIPROC
                        are reserved for processor-specific
                        semantics.

          SHN_HIPROC    Values less than or equal to SHN_LOPROC are
                        reserved for processor-specific semantics.

          SHN_ABS       This value specifies absolute values for
                        the corresponding reference.  For example,
                        symbols defined relative to section number
                        SHN_ABS have absolute values and are not
                        affected by relocation.

          SHN_COMMON    Symbols defined relative to this section
                        are common symbols, such as Fortran COMMON
                        or unallocated C external variables.

          SHN_HIRESERVE This value specifies the upper bound of the
                        range of reserved indices between
                        SHN_LORESERVE and SHN_HIRESERVE, inclusive;
                        the values do not reference the section
                        header table.  That is, the section header
                        table does not contain entries for the
                        reserved indices.
 */
 fseek(ElfFile, elfHdr.e_shoff + elfHdr.e_shstrndx * sizeof(sectHdr), SEEK_SET);
 fread(&sectHdr, 1, sizeof(sectHdr), ElfFile);
 /*
  sh_size       This member holds the section's size in bytes.  Unless the
                section type is SHT_NOBITS, the section occupies sh_size
                bytes in the file.  A section of type SHT_NOBITS may have a
                nonzero size, but it occupies no space in the file.

  sh_offset     This member's value holds the byte offset from the
                beginning of the file to the first byte in the section.
                One section type, SHT_NOBITS, occupies no space in the
                file, and its sh_offset member locates the conceptual
                placement in the file.

  e_shnum       This member holds the number of entries in the section
                header table.  Thus the product of e_shentsize and
                e_shnum gives the section header table's size in bytes.
                If a file has no section header table, e_shnum holds the
                value of zero.

                If the number of entries in the section header table is
                larger than or equal to SHN_LORESERVE (0xff00), e_shnum
                holds the value zero and the real number of entries in
                the section header table is held in the sh_size member of
                the initial entry in section header table.  Otherwise,
                the sh_size member of the initial entry in the section
                header table holds the value zero.   

  sh_name       This member specifies the name of the section.  Its value
                is an index into the section header string table section,
                giving the location of a null-terminated string.
  */
 // next, read the section, string data
 // printf("sh_size = %llu\n", sectHdr.sh_size);
 SectNames = malloc(sectHdr.sh_size);
 fseek(ElfFile, sectHdr.sh_offset, SEEK_SET);
 fread(SectNames, 1, sectHdr.sh_size, ElfFile);

 // read all section headers
 for (idx = 0; idx < elfHdr.e_shnum; idx++)
 {
   const char* name = "";

   fseek(ElfFile, elfHdr.e_shoff + idx * sizeof(sectHdr), SEEK_SET);
   fread(&sectHdr, 1, sizeof(sectHdr), ElfFile);

   // print section name
   if (sectHdr.sh_name);
     name = SectNames + sectHdr.sh_name;
   printf("%2u %s\n", idx, name);
 }

 return 0;
}

在“hello world”二進製文件上執行readelf會產生以下輸出：

$ readelf -S helloworld
There are 30 section headers, starting at offset 0x1170:

Section Headers:
 [Nr] Name              Type             Address           Offset
      Size              EntSize          Flags  Link  Info  Align
 [ 0]                   NULL             0000000000000000  00000000
      0000000000000000  0000000000000000           0     0     0
 [ 1] .interp           PROGBITS         0000000000400238  00000238
      000000000000001c  0000000000000000   A       0     0     1
 [ 2] .note.ABI-tag     NOTE             0000000000400254  00000254
      0000000000000020  0000000000000000   A       0     0     4
 [ 3] .note.gnu.build-i NOTE             0000000000400274  00000274
      0000000000000024  0000000000000000   A       0     0     4
 [ 4] .gnu.hash         GNU_HASH         0000000000400298  00000298
      000000000000001c  0000000000000000   A       5     0     8
 [ 5] .dynsym           DYNSYM           00000000004002b8  000002b8
      0000000000000060  0000000000000018   A       6     1     8
 [ 6] .dynstr           STRTAB           0000000000400318  00000318
      000000000000003d  0000000000000000   A       0     0     1
 [ 7] .gnu.version      VERSYM           0000000000400356  00000356
      0000000000000008  0000000000000002   A       5     0     2
 [ 8] .gnu.version_r    VERNEED          0000000000400360  00000360
      0000000000000020  0000000000000000   A       6     1     8
 [ 9] .rela.dyn         RELA             0000000000400380  00000380
      0000000000000018  0000000000000018   A       5     0     8
 [10] .rela.plt         RELA             0000000000400398  00000398
      0000000000000048  0000000000000018   A       5    12     8
 [11] .init             PROGBITS         00000000004003e0  000003e0
      000000000000001a  0000000000000000  AX       0     0     4
 [12] .plt              PROGBITS         0000000000400400  00000400
      0000000000000040  0000000000000010  AX       0     0     16
 [13] .text             PROGBITS         0000000000400440  00000440
      0000000000000182  0000000000000000  AX       0     0     16
 [14] .fini             PROGBITS         00000000004005c4  000005c4
      0000000000000009  0000000000000000  AX       0     0     4
 [15] .rodata           PROGBITS         00000000004005d0  000005d0
      0000000000000013  0000000000000000   A       0     0     4
 [16] .eh_frame_hdr     PROGBITS         00000000004005e4  000005e4
      0000000000000034  0000000000000000   A       0     0     4
 [17] .eh_frame         PROGBITS         0000000000400618  00000618
      00000000000000f4  0000000000000000   A       0     0     8
 [18] .init_array       INIT_ARRAY       0000000000600e10  00000e10
      0000000000000008  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     8
 [19] .fini_array       FINI_ARRAY       0000000000600e18  00000e18
      0000000000000008  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     8
 [20] .jcr              PROGBITS         0000000000600e20  00000e20
      0000000000000008  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     8
 [21] .dynamic          DYNAMIC          0000000000600e28  00000e28
      00000000000001d0  0000000000000010  WA       6     0     8
 [22] .got              PROGBITS         0000000000600ff8  00000ff8
      0000000000000008  0000000000000008  WA       0     0     8
 [23] .got.plt          PROGBITS         0000000000601000  00001000
      0000000000000030  0000000000000008  WA       0     0     8
 [24] .data             PROGBITS         0000000000601030  00001030
      0000000000000010  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     8
 [25] .bss              NOBITS           0000000000601040  00001040
      0000000000000008  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     1
 [26] .comment          PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00001040
      0000000000000024  0000000000000001  MS       0     0     1
 [27] .shstrtab         STRTAB           0000000000000000  00001064
      0000000000000108  0000000000000000           0     0     1
 [28] .symtab           SYMTAB           0000000000000000  000018f0
      0000000000000618  0000000000000018          29    45     8
 [29] .strtab           STRTAB           0000000000000000  00001f08
      000000000000023c  0000000000000000           0     0     1
Key to Flags:
 W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), l (large)
 I (info), L (link order), G (group), T (TLS), E (exclude), x (unknown)
 O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)

檢查以下條目：

[13] .text             PROGBITS         0000000000400440  00000440
          0000000000000182  0000000000000000  AX       0     0     16

為了完全從二進製文件中檢索**.text**部分，是否足以從文件中從地址 0x400440 + 0x440 讀取 0x182 字節，其中 0x182 是部分大小，0x400440 是地址，0x440 是偏移量？另外，對齊（0x16）在這裡的作用是什麼？

您可能應該使用 Pheaders，而不是 Sheaders。它們的數量通常要少得多，它們直接對應於由核心的 ELF 載入器映射到記憶體中的文件片段。我被迫使用以下內容/usr/include/elf.h，因為您的範例不包括 Elf64_Phdr 定義。

 Elf64_Off p_offset;       /* Segment file offset */
 Elf64_Xword   p_filesz;       /* Segment size in file */

PT_LOAD 段的這兩個元素Elf64_Phdr使您可以索引文件和映射的字節。.text 段標頭和 PT_LOAD Phdr 之間的對應關係對我來說總是有點鬆散。如果您想要可執行程式碼，則必須查看p_flagsElf64_Phdr 結構的元素 - .text 段標記為 PF_X，而 .data 段沒有。

不久前，我更新了“userland exec”。查看此程式碼可能會幫助您理解，或者可能只是令人困惑。

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/190178