Linux
在 Linux 中刪除超大目錄時出現“遍歷失敗：u：錯誤消息”
我正在嘗試刪除一些非常大的目錄，但是沒有成功。以下是一些觀察：
# cwd contains the two larger directories $ ls -lhF drwxrwxr-x 2 hongxu hongxu 471M Oct 16 18:52 J/ drwxr-xr-x 2 hongxu hongxu 5.8M Oct 16 17:21 u/ # Note that this is the output of `ls` of the directory themselves so they should be *huge* # J/ seems much larger than u/ (containing more files), so take u/ as an example $ rm -rf u/ # hang for a very long time, and finally report rm: traversal failed: u: Bad message $ cd u/ # can cd into u/ without problems $ ls -lhF # hang for a long time; cancel succeeds when I press Ctrl-C $ rm * # hang for a long time; cancel fails when I press Ctrl-C # however there are no process associated with `rm` as reported by `ps aux`這兩個目錄主要包含許多小文件（我想每個不超過 10k）。現在我必須刪除這兩個目錄以釋放更多磁碟空間。我該怎麼辦？
UPDATE1：
請看它的輸出
rm -rf u/，rm: traversal failed: u: Bad message經過相當長的時間（> 2 小時）。因此，問題似乎與效率無關。UPDATE2：
應用
fsck時，報告如下（似乎很好）：$ sudo fsck -A -y /dev/sda2 fsck from util-linux 2.31.1 fsck.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24) /dev/sda1: 13 files, 1884/130812 clusters $ df /dev/sda2 Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 244568380 189896000 43628648 82% /UPDATE3：
~~如果它可能相關（但可能不相關），這兩個目錄（
J/和u/）包含terminfo由tic命令生成；與正常編譯的 terminfo 文件（例如，內部的那些/lib/terminfo）不同，這些文件是使用一些模糊技術生成的，因此可能不是“合法”的 terminfo 文件。~~無關緊要！UPDATE4：
更多觀察：
$ find u/ -type f | while read f; do echo $f; rm -f $f; done # hang for a long time, IUsed (`df -i /dev/sda2`) not decreased$ mkdir emptyfolder && rsync -r --delete emptyfolder/ u/ # hang for a long time, IUsed (`df -i /dev/sda2`) not decreased$ strace rm -rf u/ execve("/bin/rm", ["rm", "-rf", "u"], 0x7fffffffc550 /* 121 vars */) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x555555764000 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=125128, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 125128, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7ffff7fd8000 close(3) = 0 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\260\34\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=2030544, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7ffff7fd6000 mmap(NULL, 4131552, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7ffff79e4000 mprotect(0x7ffff7bcb000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x7ffff7dcb000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1e7000) = 0x7ffff7dcb000 mmap(0x7ffff7dd1000, 15072, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7ffff7dd1000 close(3) = 0 arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7ffff7fd7540) = 0 mprotect(0x7ffff7dcb000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x555555762000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x7ffff7ffc000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 munmap(0x7ffff7fd8000, 125128) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x555555764000 brk(0x555555785000) = 0x555555785000 openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=1683056, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 1683056, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7ffff7e3b000 close(3) = 0 ioctl(0, TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0 lstat("/", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0 newfstatat(AT_FDCWD, "u", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=6045696, ...}, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) = 0 openat(AT_FDCWD, "u", O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOFOLLOW|O_DIRECTORY) = 3 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=6045696, ...}) = 0 fcntl(3, F_GETFL) = 0x38800 (flags O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_NOFOLLOW|O_DIRECTORY) fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0 getdents(3, /* 2 entries */, 32768) = 48 getdents(3, /* 1 entries */, 32768) = 24 ... (repeated lines) getdents(3, /* 1 entries */, 32768) = 24 getdents(3strace: Process 5307 detached <detached ...> # (manually killed)$ ls -f1 u/ ./ ../ ../ ../ ../ ... (repeated lines) ../$ sudo journalctl -ex Oct 17 16:00:16 CSLRF03AU kernel: JBD2: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = sda2, blocknr = 0). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Oct 17 16:00:20 CSLRF03AU kernel: EXT4-fs error: 6971 callbacks suppressed Oct 17 16:00:20 CSLRF03AU kernel: EXT4-fs error (device sda2): ext4_htree_next_block:948: inode #9789534: block 1020: comm find: Directory index failed checksum Oct 17 16:00:20 CSLRF03AU kernel: EXT4-fs error (device sda2): ext4_htree_next_block:948: inode #9789534: block 1020: comm zsh: Directory index failed checksum Oct 17 16:00:20 CSLRF03AU kernel: EXT4-fs error (device sda2): ext4_htree_next_block:948: inode #9789534: block 1020: comm rm: Directory index failed checksum Oct 17 16:00:20 CSLRF03AU kernel: EXT4-fs error (device sda2): ext4_htree_next_block:948: inode #9789534: block 1020: comm find: Directory index failed checksum Oct 17 16:00:20 CSLRF03AU kernel: EXT4-fs error (device sda2): ext4_htree_next_block:948: inode #9789534: block 1020: comm rsync: Directory index failed checksum Oct 17 16:00:20 CSLRF03AU kernel: EXT4-fs error (device sda2): ext4_htree_next_block:948: inode #9789534: block 1020: comm zsh: Directory index failed checksum Oct 17 16:00:20 CSLRF03AU kernel: EXT4-fs error (device sda2): ext4_htree_next_block:948: inode #9789534: block 1020: comm zsh: Directory index failed checksum Oct 17 16:00:20 CSLRF03AU kernel: EXT4-fs error (device sda2): ext4_htree_next_block:948: inode #9789534: block 1020: comm rm: Directory index failed checksum Oct 17 16:00:20 CSLRF03AU kernel: EXT4-fs error (device sda2): ext4_htree_next_block:948: inode #9789534: block 1020: comm find: Directory index failed checksum Oct 17 16:00:20 CSLRF03AU kernel: EXT4-fs error (device sda2): ext4_htree_next_block:948: inode #9789534: block 1020: comm find: Directory index failed checksum # #9789534 is the inode of `u/` as reported by `ls -i`所以應該是文件系統損壞。但是重新啟動不起作用:(
好的，我終於解決了問題。這是由於文件系統錯誤導致
ls顯示錯誤，以及其他實用程序出現故障。不好意思題主誤導了（雖然裡面確實有很多文件
u/，但是目錄不是很大）。我通過使用實時 USB 解決了這個問題，因為損壞的文件系統是
/. 修復只是應用損壞的磁碟sudo fsck -cfk /dev/sda2在哪裡。dev/sda2
您無法使用
rm. 你可以做find u/ -type f -print0 | xargs -r -0 rm -f這將只刪除文件；要刪除所有內容，請使用
find u/ -print0 | xargs -r -0 rm -rf如果您的系統有，您可能可以使用 的
--delete選項find：find u/ -type f --delete或時髦的方法
rsync：mkdir emptyfolder rsync -r --delete emptyfolder/ u/
rsync比rm刪除東西要快得多，因為它會繞過一些檢查。