ifdown 和“ip link set .. .down”有什麼區別？

我在下面做了一些測試。似乎ifdown ens32沒有關閉界面。並且ip link仍然顯示UP。只會ip link set ens32 down關閉介面。那麼這裡有什麼問題呢？為什麼ifdown無法關閉介面？

root:[~]# cat /etc/*release*
Oracle Linux Server release 7.6
NAME="Oracle Linux Server"
VERSION="7.6"
ID="ol"
VARIANT="Server"
VARIANT_ID="server"
VERSION_ID="7.6"
PRETTY_NAME="Oracle Linux Server 7.6"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:oracle:linux:7:6:server"
HOME_URL="https://linux.oracle.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.oracle.com/"

ORACLE_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Oracle Linux 7"
ORACLE_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=7.6
ORACLE_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Oracle Linux"
ORACLE_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=7.6
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.6 (Maipo)
Oracle Linux Server release 7.6
cpe:/o:oracle:linux:7:6:server
root:[~]# 
root:[~]# ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
   link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
   link/ether 00:50:56:31:a8:12 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
   link/ether 52:54:00:33:cf:a3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
   link/ether 52:54:00:33:cf:a3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
root:[~]# ifdown ens32
Device 'ens32' successfully disconnected.
root:[~]# ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
   link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
   link/ether 00:50:56:31:a8:12 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
   link/ether 52:54:00:33:cf:a3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
   link/ether 52:54:00:33:cf:a3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
root:[~]# ip link set ens32 down
root:[~]# ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
   link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
   link/ether 00:50:56:31:a8:12 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
   link/ether 52:54:00:33:cf:a3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
   link/ether 52:54:00:33:cf:a3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
root:[~]# 

沒有區別是不正確的。

ifup和ifdownread /etc/network/interfaces，除了啟動和關閉介面之外，它們還在 中執行許多腳本/etc/network，這些腳本為各種事物（如 DHCP）提供了鉤子。

另一方面，ip link ...（新變體）和ifconfig ... up/down（舊變體）直接設置介面的狀態，不執行任何在介面上升和下降時可能需要的額外操作。

因此，如果ifdown不起作用，則您的系統可能未配置為使用經典/etc/network/interfaces系統（例如，因為它使用systemd，它的所有操作都不同），或者某些首先執行的腳本中的某處出現錯誤，或者可能是其他一些原因。

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/534867