我在哪裡放置環境變數以便 Apache 可以獲取它們？

我正在使用 Ubuntu 18.04。我在 /etc/profile 文件中定義了一系列環境變數。當我以我的使用者身份登錄時，我可以看到他們使用

$ echo $DB_NAME
directory_data

我的 Apache 2.4 也在我的機器上以 www-data 使用者（沒有主目錄）執行。我已經使用“PassEnv”（ https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_env.html ）設置了我的 Apache 配置，希望它能夠獲取我的環境變數……

$ cat /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf 
<VirtualHost *:80>
   # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
   # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
   # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
   # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
   # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
   # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
   # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
   ServerName my.server.com

   ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
   DocumentRoot /var/www/html/web

       PassEnv DB_NAME
       PassEnv DB_USER
       PassEnv DB_PASS
       PassEnv DB_SERVICE
       PassEnv DB_PORT

   # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
   # error, crit, alert, emerg.
   # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
   # modules, e.g.
   LogLevel info

   ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
   CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

       AliasMatch ^/(?!phpmyadmin)(?!states/)(?!countries/)(?!coops/)(?!data).* /var/www/html/client/build/$0
   # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
   # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
   # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
   # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
   # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
   Include conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf

       WSGIDaemonProcess maps \
           home=/var/www/html/web python-home=/var/www/html/web/venv
       WSGIProcessGroup maps 
       WSGIScriptAlias /coops /var/www/html/web/directory/wsgi.py/coops process-group=maps
       WSGIScriptAlias /data /var/www/html/web/directory/wsgi.py/data process-group=maps
       WSGIScriptAlias /countries /var/www/html/web/directory/wsgi.py/countries process-group=maps
       WSGIScriptAlias /states /var/www/html/web/directory/wsgi.py/states process-group=maps
       WSGIPassAuthorization On

       <Directory /var/www/html/web/maps>
           <Files wsgi.py>
               Require all granted
           </Files>
       </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Apache 使用 WSGI 連接到 Python，我最終想在其中引用環境變數。這是我的 Python 文件 settings.py

DATABASES = {
   'default': {,
       'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
       'NAME': os.environ['DB_NAME'],
       'USER': os.environ['DB_USER'],
       'PASSWORD': os.environ['DB_PASS'],
       'HOST': os.environ['DB_SERVICE'],
       'PORT': os.environ['DB_PORT']
   }
}

但 env var 沒有被拾起。

[Thu Jun 25 17:29:28.870247 2020] [wsgi:error] [pid 11363]   File "/var/www/html/web/directory/settings.py", line 93, in <module>
[Thu Jun 25 17:29:28.870319 2020] [wsgi:error] [pid 11363]     'NAME': os.environ['DB_NAME'],
[Thu Jun 25 17:29:28.870408 2020] [wsgi:error] [pid 11363]   File "/usr/lib/python3.6/os.py", line 669, in __getitem__
[Thu Jun 25 17:29:28.870474 2020] [wsgi:error] [pid 11363]     raise KeyError(key) from None
[Thu Jun 25 17:29:28.870564 2020] [wsgi:error] [pid 11363] KeyError: 'DB_NAME'

環境變數一般放在哪裡，以便 Apache 程序可以辨識？

我假設您使用 systemd 執行全新安裝的 18.04？如果您隨著時間的推移更新了作業系統，那麼一些組件（如 systemd）可能與庫存 18.04 略有不同。

在 /lib/systemd/system/apache2.service 中，將所需變數的 Environment= 語句添加到

$$ Service $$部分。不要使用引號。例子：

[Service]
Type=forking
Environment=APACHE_STARTED_BY_SYSTEMD=true
Environment=DB_SERVICE=localhost
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/apachectl start
...

與您描述中應該執行此操作的 PassEnv 節一起。

重啟apache

$ sudo systemctl restart apache2

獲取任何更改的設置

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/595080