Not-Root-User
在 NetBSD 的主目錄中使用 pkgsrc
我是 NetBSD 的新手，雖然經常在 ubuntu 上使用 pkgsrc。我可以從原始碼建構和安裝包，而不會對 ubuntu 的包依賴項產生任何影響。
例如，即使 ruby 2.2 是通過 apt-get 安裝的，我也可以
$HOME/pkg/bin通過 pkgsrc 建構並安裝 ruby 2.3。我可以使用 ruby 2.3 沒有任何依賴問題。這個特性對我很有幫助，這就是我喜歡 pkgsrc 的原因。
現在我將 NetBSD 7.1 安裝到我的另一台 PC 上。我想下載 pkgsrc 作為我自己的包管理器，並想將包建構到我的主目錄（
$HOME/pkg/bin）中，而不像我在 ubuntu 上所做的那樣對系統範圍產生任何影響，即使 NetBSD 本身使用 pkgsrc。當我在主目錄中嘗試
./bootstrap --unpriviledged時，它不起作用。在我用詳細的錯誤資訊問為什麼之前，讓我問一下 NetBSD 是否設計或考慮過為每個使用者下載和使用另一個 pkgsrc 而對系統環境沒有任何影響。PS 英語不是我的母語；請原諒打字、語法或/和單詞選擇錯誤。
更新(2017/04/08)
感謝 Greg A. Woods 的回答，我明白我必須顯示詳細的錯誤消息。
起初，我總是使用 pkg_add 和 root 帳戶從二進制安裝。
-bash-4.4$ uname -a NetBSD hello-netbsd 7.1 NetBSD 7.1 (GENERIC.201703111743Z) amd64 -bash-4.4$ pkg_info -a sudo-1.8.17p1 Allow others to run commands as root bash-4.4.012 The GNU Bourne Again Shell cvs-1.12.13nb4 Concurrent Versions System gcc6-6.3.0 The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) - 6 Release Series然後我以非 root 使用者身份登錄，下載了 pkgsrc 和引導程序。
-bash-4.4$ cvs -q -z2 -d anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot checkout -r pkgsrc-2017Q1 -P pkgsrc -bash-4.4$ cd pkgsrc/bootstrap -bash-4.4$ ./bootstrap --unprivileged ... ... checking for gcc... no checking for cc... no checking for cl.exe... no configure: error: in `/home/vagrant/pkgsrc/bootstrap/work/bmake': configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH See `config.log' for more details. ===> exited with status 1 aborted.我修改了
$PATH.-bash-4.4$ vi ~/.profile PATH=$HOME/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/X11R7/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/pkg/bin PATH=${PATH}:/usr/pkg/sbin:/usr/games:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin GCC_PATH=/usr/pkg/gcc6/bin PATH=${PATH}:${GCC_PATH} -bash-4.4$ . ~/.profile -bash-4.4$ echo $PATH /home/vagrant/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/X11R7/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/pkg/bin:/usr/pkg/sbin:/usr/games:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/pkg/gcc6/bin然後再試一次。
-bash-4.4$ rm -fr work -bash-4.4$ ./bootstrap --unprivileged ... ... checking for gcc... gcc checking for C compiler default output file name... configure: error: in `/home/vagrant/pkgsrc/bootstrap/work/bmake': configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables See `config.log' for more details. ===> exited with status 77 aborted.config.log 是這樣的：
-bash-4.4$ view work/bmake/config.log 1 This file contains any messages produced by compilers while 2 running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake. 3 4 It was created by bmake configure 20140214, which was 5 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.64. Invocation command line was 6 7 $ configure --prefix=/home/vagrant/pkgsrc/bootstrap/work --with-default-sys-path=/home/vagrant/pkgsrc/bootstrap/work /share/mk --with-machine-arch=x86_64 8 9 ## --------- ## 10 ## Platform. ## 11 ## --------- ## 12 13 hostname = hello-netbsd 14 uname -m = amd64 15 uname -r = 7.1 16 uname -s = NetBSD 17 uname -v = NetBSD 7.1 (GENERIC.201703111743Z) 18 19 /usr/bin/uname -p = x86_64 20 /bin/uname -X = unknown 21 22 /bin/arch = unknown 23 /usr/bin/arch -k = unknown 24 /usr/convex/getsysinfo = unknown 25 /usr/bin/hostinfo = unknown 26 /bin/machine = unknown 27 /usr/bin/oslevel = unknown 28 /bin/universe = unknown 29 30 PATH: /home/vagrant/pkg/bin 31 PATH: /home/vagrant/pkg/sbin 32 PATH: . 33 PATH: /home/vagrant/bin 34 PATH: /bin 34 PATH: /bin 35 PATH: /sbin 36 PATH: /usr/bin 37 PATH: /usr/sbin 38 PATH: /usr/X11R7/bin 39 PATH: /usr/X11R6/bin 40 PATH: /usr/pkg/bin 41 PATH: /usr/pkg/sbin 42 PATH: /usr/games 43 PATH: /usr/local/bin 44 PATH: /usr/local/sbin 45 PATH: /usr/pkg/gcc6/bin 46 PATH: /sbin 47 PATH: /usr/sbin 48 49 50 ## ----------- ## 51 ## Core tests. ## 52 ## ----------- ## 53 54 configure:2371: checking for gcc 55 configure:2387: found /usr/pkg/gcc6/bin/gcc 56 configure:2398: result: gcc 57 configure:2627: checking for C compiler version 58 configure:2636: gcc --version >&5 59 gcc (GCC) 6.3.0 60 Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 61 This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO 62 warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 63 64 configure:2647: $? = 0 65 configure:2636: gcc -v >&5 66 Using built-in specs. 67 COLLECT_GCC=gcc 68 COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/pkg/gcc6/libexec/gcc/x86_64--netbsd/6.3.0/lto-wrapper 69 Target: x86_64--netbsd 70 Configured with: ../gcc-6.3.0/configure --disable-libstdcxx-pch --enable-nls --with-libiconv-prefix=/usr --enable-__cx a_atexit --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/pkg/gcc6/include/c++/ --enable-languages='c obj-c++ objc fortran c++' --enable-shared --e nable-long-long --with-local-prefix=/usr/pkg/gcc6 --disable-libssp --enable-threads=posix --with-boot-ldflags='-static-libstdc ++ -static-libgcc -Wl,-R/usr/pkg/lib ' --with-arch=nocona --with-tune=nocona --with-fpmath=sse --with-gnu-ld --with-ld=/usr/bi n/ld --with-gnu-as --with-as=/usr/bin/as --prefix=/usr/pkg/gcc6 --build=x86_64--netbsd --host=x86_64--netbsd --infodir=/usr/pk g/gcc6/info --mandir=/usr/pkg/gcc6/man 71 Thread model: posix 72 gcc version 6.3.0 (GCC) 73 configure:2647: $? = 0 74 configure:2636: gcc -V >&5 75 gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '-V' 76 gcc: fatal error: no input files 77 compilation terminated. 78 configure:2647: $? = 1 79 configure:2636: gcc -qversion >&5 80 gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '-qversion'; did you mean '--version'? 81 gcc: fatal error: no input files 82 compilation terminated. 83 configure:2647: $? = 1 84 configure:2669: checking for C compiler default output file name 85 configure:2691: gcc conftest.c >&5 86 In file included from conftest.c:9:0: 87 /usr/pkg/gcc6/lib/gcc/x86_64--netbsd/6.3.0/include-fixed/stdio.h:54:23: fatal error: sys/cdefs.h: No such file or dire ctory 88 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 89 ^ 90 compilation terminated. 91 configure:2695: $? = 1 92 configure:2732: result: 93 configure: failed program was: 94 | /* confdefs.h */ 95 | #define PACKAGE_NAME "bmake" 96 | #define PACKAGE_TARNAME "bmake" 97 | #define PACKAGE_VERSION "20140214" 98 | #define PACKAGE_STRING "bmake 20140214" 99 | #define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "sjg@NetBSD.org" 100 | #define PACKAGE_URL "" 101 | /* end confdefs.h. */ 102 | #include <stdio.h> 103 | int 104 | main () 105 | { 106 | FILE *f = fopen ("conftest.out", "w"); 107 | return ferror (f) || fclose (f) != 0; 108 | 109 | ; 110 | return 0; 111 | } 112 configure:2738: error: in `/home/vagrant/pkgsrc/bootstrap/work/bmake': 113 configure:: error: C compiler cannot create executables 114 See `config.log' for more details. 115 116 ## ---------------- ## 117 ## Cache variables. ## 118 ## ---------------- ## 119 120 ac_cv_env_CC_set= 121 ac_cv_env_CC_value= 122 ac_cv_env_CFLAGS_set= 123 ac_cv_env_CFLAGS_value= 124 ac_cv_env_CPPFLAGS_set= 125 ac_cv_env_CPPFLAGS_value= 126 ac_cv_env_CPP_set= 127 ac_cv_env_CPP_value= 128 ac_cv_env_LDFLAGS_set= 129 ac_cv_env_LDFLAGS_value= 130 ac_cv_env_LIBS_set= 131 ac_cv_env_LIBS_value= 132 ac_cv_env_build_alias_set= 133 ac_cv_env_build_alias_value= 134 ac_cv_env_host_alias_set= 135 ac_cv_env_host_alias_value= 136 ac_cv_env_target_alias_set= 137 ac_cv_env_target_alias_value= 138 ac_cv_prog_ac_ct_CC=gcc 139 140 ## ----------------- ## 141 ## Output variables. ## 142 ## ----------------- ## 143 144 CC='gcc' 145 CFLAGS='' 146 CPP='' 147 CPPFLAGS='' 148 DEFS='' 149 ECHO_C='' 150 ECHO_N='-n' 151 ECHO_T='' 152 EGREP='' 153 EXEEXT='' 154 GCC='' 155 GREP='' 156 INSTALL='' 157 INSTALL_DATA='' 158 INSTALL_PROGRAM='' 159 INSTALL_SCRIPT='' 160 LDFLAGS='' 161 LIBOBJS='' 162 LIBS='' 163 LTLIBOBJS='' 164 OBJEXT='' 165 PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='sjg@NetBSD.org' 166 PACKAGE_NAME='bmake' 167 PACKAGE_STRING='bmake 20140214' 168 PACKAGE_TARNAME='bmake' 169 PACKAGE_URL='' 170 PACKAGE_VERSION='20140214' 171 PATH_SEPARATOR=':' 172 SHELL='/bin/sh' 173 ac_ct_CC='gcc' 174 ac_exe_suffix='' 175 bindir='${exec_prefix}/bin' 176 bmake_path_max='' 177 build_alias='' 178 datadir='${datarootdir}' 179 datarootdir='${prefix}/share' 180 default_sys_path='' 181 diff_u='' 182 docdir='${datarootdir}/doc/${PACKAGE_TARNAME}' 183 dvidir='${docdir}' 184 exec_prefix='NONE' 185 filemon_h='no' 186 force_machine='' 187 host_alias='' 188 htmldir='${docdir}' 189 includedir='${prefix}/include' 190 infodir='${datarootdir}/info' 191 libdir='${exec_prefix}/lib' 192 libexecdir='${exec_prefix}/libexec' 193 localedir='${datarootdir}/locale' 194 localstatedir='${prefix}/var' 195 machine='' 196 machine_arch='' 197 mandir='${datarootdir}/man' 198 mksrc='' 199 oldincludedir='/usr/include' 200 pdfdir='${docdir}' 201 prefix='/home/vagrant/pkgsrc/bootstrap/work' 202 program_transform_name='s,x,x,' 203 psdir='${docdir}' 204 sbindir='${exec_prefix}/sbin' 205 sharedstatedir='${prefix}/com' 206 sysconfdir='${prefix}/etc' 207 target_alias='' 208 use_meta='yes' 209 210 ## ----------- ## 211 ## confdefs.h. ## 212 ## ----------- ## 213 214 /* confdefs.h */ 215 #define PACKAGE_NAME "bmake" 216 #define PACKAGE_TARNAME "bmake" 217 #define PACKAGE_VERSION "20140214" 218 #define PACKAGE_STRING "bmake 20140214" 219 #define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "sjg@NetBSD.org" 220 #define PACKAGE_URL "" 221 222 configure: exit 77我猜想有些文件失去了，但不知道該怎麼做。
update2(2017/04/11) 以下是 `gcc -v’ 的結果
-bash-4.4$ gcc -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=gcc COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/pkg/gcc6/libexec/gcc/x86_64--netbsd/6.3.0/lto-wrapper Target: x86_64--netbsd Configured with: ../gcc-6.3.0/configure --disable-libstdcxx-pch --enable-nls --with-libiconv-prefix=/usr --enable-__cxa_atexit --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/pkg/gcc6/include/c++/ --enable-languages='c obj-c++ objc fortran c++' --enable-shared --enable-long-long --with-local-prefix=/usr/pkg/gcc6 --disable-libssp --enable-threads=posix --with-boot-ldflags='-static-libstdc++ -static-libgcc -Wl,-R/usr/pkg/lib ' --with-arch=nocona --with-tune=nocona --with-fpmath=sse --with-gnu-ld --with-ld=/usr/bin/ld --with-gnu-as --with-as=/usr/bin/as --prefix=/usr/pkg/gcc6 --build=x86_64--netbsd --host=x86_64--netbsd --infodir=/usr/pkg/gcc6/info --mandir=/usr/pkg/gcc6/man Thread model: posix gcc version 6.3.0 (GCC)我在安裝過程中選擇了最小安裝。那是錯的嗎？
始終提供詳細的錯誤消息！（或者至少足以提供關於遇到什麼實際問題的線索，因為這樣可以避免不必要的額外交流——如果沒有足夠的資訊來提供任何有意義的方向，許多人會簡單地忽略問題）
無論如何，
./bootstrap --unprivileged應該在 NetBSD 主機上工作（它對我有用）。不過，我不確定這是個好主意。有些東西不會（也不能）以非特權模式安裝，因為它們必須修改系統文件或安裝 setuid 等。
我以普通使用者的身份建構軟體包，但始終將它們安裝為
root.
看起來您沒有為 netbsd 安裝“comp”集，即 C 編譯器（等）。嘗試執行“gcc -v”。
FWIW，最好的 NetBSD 和 pkgsrc 幫助是通過郵件列表實現的，我只是偶然看到這裡，通過http://netbsd.fi/