Ps為什麼
為什麼ps e顯示的程序比ps多？
從
ps手冊頁：預設情況下，ps 選擇與目前使用者具有相同有效使用者 ID (euid=EUID) 並與呼叫者相同的終端關聯的所有程序。
在我的 Ubuntu 系統上，
ps沒有任何標誌的輸出如下，符合預期：$ ps PID TTY TIME CMD 6444 pts/11 00:00:00 bash 14605 pts/11 00:00:00 ps現在再次從
psOUTPUT MODIFIERS 的手冊頁：e Show the environment after the command.但是當我嘗試時
ps e，我會列出更多程序：$ ps e PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND 85 pts/1 Ss+ 0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games: 100 pts/2 Ss+ 0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games: 115 pts/3 Ss+ 0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games: 130 pts/4 Ss+ 0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games: 146 pts/5 Ss+ 0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games: 174 pts/6 Ss+ 0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games: 2988 pts/9 Ss 0:01 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games: 3477 pts/9 S+ 0:00 vi stepniak.json SHELL=/bin/bash WSL_DISTRO_NAME=Ubuntu-20.04 WT_SESSION=55c420c4-12cf-4f4c-b957-b0b42e2777b8 JAVA_HOME=/home/myr 4513 pts/0 Ss+ 0:02 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games: 4540 pts/7 Ss+ 0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games: 5653 pts/10 Ss+ 0:01 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games: 6444 pts/11 Ss 0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games: 7942 pts/12 Ss 0:00 -bash HOSTTYPE=x86_64 LANG=C.UTF-8 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games: 17962 pts/12 Sl 0:03 /home/myroot/jdk-11.0.2/bin/java -classpath /mnt/c/k8s-developer/maven-3.6.3/boot/plexus-classworlds-2.6.0.jar -Dclassworlds.conf 17997 pts/11 R+ 0:00 ps e SHELL=/bin/bash WSL_DISTRO_NAME=Ubuntu-20.04 WT_SESSION=7e85f66b-c77a-42da-8782-c0912c196b46 JAVA_HOME=/home/myroot/jdk-11.0 24958 pts/12 Sl 1:05 java -jar myapp.jar SHELL=/bin/bash WSL_DISTRO_NAME=Ubuntu-20.04 WT_SESSION=d9a61855-27fe-4757-a7c9-a38f38fe7fc7 JAVA 25185 pts/12 S+ 0:03 tail -f nohup.out SHELL=/bin/bash WSL_DISTRO_NAME=Ubuntu-20.04 WT_SESSION=d9a61855-27fe-4757-a7c9-a38f38fe7fc7 JAVA_HOME=/home/my據我了解，
e它是一個 OUTPUT 修飾符，它不應更改用於選擇程序的標準（通常使用-e、a等來完成）。那麼為什麼
ps e列出的程序多於ps？注意：
ps -f或ps -F按預期工作 -$ ps -F UID PID PPID C SZ RSS PSR STIME TTY TIME CMD myroot 6444 6443 0 4333 12404 2 00:25 pts/11 00:00:00 -bash myroot 19976 6444 0 2655 3340 7 23:05 pts/11 00:00:00 ps -F我的作業系統資訊：
$ cat /etc/*rel* DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=20.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=focal DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS" NAME="Ubuntu" VERSION="20.04.3 LTS (Focal Fossa)" ID=ubuntu ID_LIKE=debian PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS" VERSION_ID="20.04" HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/" SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/" PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy" VERSION_CODENAME=focal UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
ps e使用 BSD 風格的選項（遵循procps命名法），並且這個還將更改程序選擇以包括您擁有的其他終端 (TTY) 上的程序
該
e選項本身不會更改選擇，但會更改為預設選擇包括目前和其他終端上的所有程序的模式。其他 BSD 風格的輸出控制選項具有相同的效果。參見例如
ps l或ps u。