如何逐行比較兩個文件？

我有兩個文件 A 和 B 幾乎相同，有些行不同，有些行混亂。由於這兩個文件是 systemverilog 文件，因此這些行還包含特殊字元，例如; , = +等。

我想遍歷fileA的每一行並檢查fileB中是否有相應的匹配項。比較應遵循規則

1. 可以忽略行首和行尾的空格。
2. 單詞之間的多個空格/製表符可以被視為單個空格。
3. 空行可以忽略

結果應顯示文件 A 中存在但文件 B 中不存在的行。

我試過tkdiff了，但由於有些線條混亂，它顯示出很多差異。

我無法談論它的便攜性，但我試圖涵蓋所有基礎。我已盡力根據您的資訊在測試中複製這兩個文件。如果您在使用 sed 時遇到特殊字元問題，可以在 cleanLine 函式的第二行中將其轉義。

#!/bin/bash

# compare two files and return lines in
# first file that are missing in second file

ProgName=${0##*/}
Pid=$$
CHK_FILE="$1"
REF_FILE="$2"
D_BUG="$3"
TMP_FILE="/tmp/REF_${Pid}.tmp"
declare -a MISSING='()'
m=0

scriptUsage() {
cat <<ENDUSE

   $ProgName  <file_to_check> <reference_file> [-d|--debug]

   Lines in 'file_to_check' not present in 'reference_file'
     are printed to standard output.

   file_to_check:     File being checked
   reference_file:    File to be checked against
   -d|--debug:        Run script in debug mode (Optional)
   -h|--help:         Print this help message

ENDUSE
}

# delete temp file on any exit
trap 'rm $TMP_FILE > /dev/null 2>&1' EXIT


#-- check args
 [[ $CHK_FILE == "-h" || $CHK_FILE == "--help" ]] && { scriptUsage; exit 0; }
 [[ -n $CHK_FILE && -n $REF_FILE ]] || { >&2 echo "Not enough arguments!"; scriptUsage; exit 1; }
 [[ $D_BUG == "-d" || $D_BUG == "--debug" ]] && set -x
 [[ -s $CHK_FILE ]] || { >&2 echo "File $CHK_FILE not found"; exit 1; }
 [[ -s $REF_FILE ]] || { >&2 echo "File $REF_FILE not found"; exit 1; }
#--


#== edit temp file to 3 match comparison rules
 # copy ref file to temp for editing
 cp "$REF_FILE" $TMP_FILE || { >&2 echo "Unable to create temporary file"; exit 1; }
 # rule 3 - ignore empty lines
 sed -i '/^\s*$/d' $TMP_FILE
 # rule 1 - ignore begin/end of line spaces
 sed -i 's/^[[:space:]][[:space:]]*//;s/[[:space:]][[:space:]]*$//' $TMP_FILE
 # rule 2 - multi space/tab as single space
 sed -i 's/[[:space:]][[:space:]]*/ /g' $TMP_FILE
#==


# function to clean LINE to match 3 rules
# & escape '/' and '.' for later sed command
cleanLine() {
 var=$(echo "$1" | sed 's/^[[:space:]][[:space:]]*//;s/[[:space:]][[:space:]]*$//;s/[[:space:]][[:space:]]*/ /g')
 echo $var | sed 's/\//\\\//g;s/\./\\\./g'
}


### parse check file
while IFS='' read -r LINE || [[ -n $LINE ]]
 do
   if [[ -z $LINE ]]
     then
       continue
     else
       CLN_LINE=$(cleanLine "$LINE")
       FOUND=$(sed -n "/$CLN_LINE/{p;q}" $TMP_FILE)
       [[ -z $FOUND ]] && MISSING[$m]="$LINE" && ((m++))
       FOUND=""
   fi
done < "$CHK_FILE"
###


#++ print missing line(s) (if any)
 if (( $m > 0 ))
   then
     printf "\n  Missing line(s) found:\n"
     #*SEE BELOW ON THIS
     for (( p=0; $p<$m; p++ ))
       do
         printf "    %s\n" "${MISSING[$p]}"
     done
     echo
   else
     printf "\n  **No missing lines found**\n\n"
 fi
#* using 'for p in ${MISSING[@]}' causes:
#* "SPACED LINES" to become:
#* "SPACED"
#* "LINES" when printed to stdout!
#++

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/394811