我想提取域名（主機名）與連接超時前 5 延遲時間。

輸入文件

Mar 19 21:44:00 ip-172-2-0-53 sendmail[30686]: v2K4g0Dm030684: to=<rdunia@jehdns.com>, delay=00:02:12, xdelay=00:02:00, mailer=esmtp, pri=120847, relay=webmail.jehdns.com. [192.168.1.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with webmail.jehdns.com.
Mar 19 20:35:00 ip-172-2-0-54 sendmail[30683]: v2K4g0Dm030684: to=<esds@karna.com>, delay=00:02:00, xdelay=00:02:00, mailer=esmtp, pri=120847, relay=webmail.jehdns.com. [192.168.1.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with webmail.karna.com.
Mar 21 23:15:20 ip-172-2-0-53 sendmail[7742]: v2M6FKZm007741: to=<root@prod-radion.ifad.internal>, ctladdr=<root@prod-radion.ifad.internal> (0/0), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=31116, dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent

預期輸出：

Mar 19 21 delay=00:02:12 - webmail.jehdns.com.
Mar 20 13 delay=00:02:00 - webmail.karna.com.

sed -n '/timed out/{s/^\([^:]*\):.*xdelay=\([^,]*\),.*with \(.*\)$/\1 delay=\2 - \3/;p;}' 

perl -F: -lane '
  ($i) = grep { $F[$_] =~ /delay=/ } 0 .. $#F;
  $d = join ":", join($\, @F[$i..$i+2]) =~ /\hdelay=\K\d+|\n\K\d+/g;
  print "$d:$F[0]", " delay=$d", " - ", /\S+$/g if $F[-1] =~ /timed out/;
' input_file |
sort -t: -nr -k1,1 -k2,2 -k3,3 | cut -d: -f4-

輸出

Mar 19 21 delay=00:02:12 - webmail.jehdns.com.
Mar 19 20 delay=00:02:00 - webmail.karna.com.

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/356566