Software-Installation
dpkg：依賴問題阻止了 initramfs-tools 的配置
我像往常一樣使用這個命令開始升級我的 Kubuntu 12.04 系統：
sudo apt-get --show-upgraded dist-upgrade後來我回來了，但失敗了：
Preconfiguring packages ... (Reading database ... 478306 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace ... Unpacking replacement base-files ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for install-info ... ... Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-32-lowlatency gzip: stdout: No space left on device E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1 update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-32-lowlatency with 1. dpkg: error processing initramfs-tools (--unpack): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: initramfs-tools E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)這是問題： $ df -h 輸出：
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 894M 879M 0 100% /boot手動刪除舊文件，現在有一些空間可用
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 894M 129M 717M 16% /boot我接下來執行了這個：
sudo apt-get autoremove下一個：
sudo apt-get -f install輸出：The following extra packages will be installed: initramfs-tools The following packages will be upgraded: initramfs-tools dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of initramfs-tools: initramfs-tools depends on initramfs-tools-bin (<< 0.99ubuntu13.3.1~); however: Version of initramfs-tools-bin on system is 0.99ubuntu13.4. dpkg: error processing initramfs-tools (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. Errors were encountered while processing: initramfs-tools E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
sudo apt-get install initramfs-tools以上失敗
dpkg -l initramfs-tools輸出：Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Description +++-==============-==============-============================================ iF initramfs-tool 0.99ubuntu13.3 tools for generating an initramfs
sudo apt-get install --reinstall initramfs-tools輸出：The following packages will be upgraded: initramfs-tools 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/49.2 kB of archives. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of initramfs-tools: initramfs-tools depends on initramfs-tools-bin (<< 0.99ubuntu13.3.1~); however: Version of initramfs-tools-bin on system is 0.99ubuntu13.4. dpkg: error processing initramfs-tools (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. Errors were encountered while processing: initramfs-tools E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)這是輸出
apt-cache policy initramfs-tools-bin initramfs-tools：initramfs-tools-bin: Installed: 0.99ubuntu13.4 Candidate: 0.99ubuntu13.4 Version table: *** 0.99ubuntu13.4 0 500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main amd64 Packages 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status 0.99ubuntu13 0 500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages initramfs-tools: Installed: 0.99ubuntu13.3 Candidate: 0.99ubuntu13.4 Version table: 0.99ubuntu13.4 0 500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main amd64 Packages *** 0.99ubuntu13.3 0 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status 0.99ubuntu13 0 500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main amd64 Packages如下所示，這是我接下來的步驟：
$ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get -f install initramfs-tools=0.99ubuntu13 initramfs-tools-bin=0.99ubuntu13 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: ... Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following packages will be DOWNGRADED: initramfs-tools initramfs-tools-bin 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 downgraded, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 59.2 kB of archives. After this operation, 2,048 B disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main initramfs-tools all 0.99ubuntu13 [49.2 kB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main initramfs-tools-bin amd64 0.99ubuntu13 [9,988 B] Fetched 59.2 kB in 0s (124 kB/s) dpkg: warning: downgrading initramfs-tools-bin from 0.99ubuntu13.4 to 0.99ubuntu13. (Reading database ... 478624 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace initramfs-tools-bin 0.99ubuntu13.4 (using .../initramfs-tools-bin_0.99ubuntu13_amd64.deb) ... Unpacking replacement initramfs-tools-bin ... Setting up initramfs-tools-bin (0.99ubuntu13) ... dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of initramfs-tools: initramfs-tools depends on initramfs-tools-bin (>= 0.99ubuntu13.3); however: Version of initramfs-tools-bin on system is 0.99ubuntu13. dpkg: error processing initramfs-tools (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. Errors were encountered while processing: initramfs-tools E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)接下來我嘗試了 Giles 的建議：
sudo dpkg --configure -a --force-depends sudo apt-get install -f sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
您的系統處於我認為不應該發生的狀態：您的新版本依賴項
initramfs-tools-bin處於已安裝狀態，但舊版本的依賴initramfs-tools項處於半安裝狀態。我不確定問題是否在於 APT 讓系統進入無法恢復的狀態，dpkg 讓系統進入無法恢復的狀態，包維護者使用了依賴項的組合不支持，或者我有限的理解不包括這種情況。嘗試
dpkg直接使用：dpkg --configure -a如果這仍然抱怨依賴關係，請嘗試
dpkg --configure -a --force-depends如果這可行，則您的 dpkg 數據庫處於一致狀態。您需要使 APT 處於良好狀態（不需要破壞依賴項）：
apt-get -f install在此之後，您可以恢復正常升級。
如果您的清除
/boot是刪除軟體包中的舊核心，您將無法再刪除核心軟體包。您必須重新創建文件。touchcat /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-1.2.3-foo``如果您要刪除linux-image-1.2.3-foo軟體包並手動刪除了其中的一些文件，則可以創建空文件 ( )。