Ssl
通過 TLS 配置 VSFTPD
電腦的預期目的是用作 FTP over TLS 伺服器。
如您所見，證書適用於：
ftp.zalohovaniburian.cz我不確定為什麼 FileZilla 會顯示這個：
這裡很長
vsftpd.conf：# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. allow_writeable_chroot=YES # # Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone # daemon started from an initscript. listen=YES # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6 # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration # files. listen_ipv6=NO # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default). anonymous_enable=NO # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time # in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this # option. use_localtime=YES # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. #xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails # # You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for # the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or # chroot_list_enable below. #chroot_local_user=YES # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) chroot_local_user=YES #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # Customization # # Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by # default. # # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem # access. secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty # # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use. pam_service_name=vsftpd # # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL # encrypted connections. rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ftp-zalohovaniburian-cz.pem rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ftp-zalohovaniburian-cz.key # Turn on SSL ssl_enable=YES # Allow anonymous users to use secured SSL connections allow_anon_ssl=YES # All non-anonymous logins are forced to use a secure SSL connection in order to # send and receive data on data connections. force_local_data_ssl=YES # All non-anonymous logins are forced to use a secure SSL connection in order to send the password. force_local_logins_ssl=YES # Permit TLS v1 protocol connections. TLS v1 connections are preferred ssl_tlsv1=YES # Permit SSL v2 protocol connections. TLS v1 connections are preferred ssl_sslv2=NO # permit SSL v3 protocol connections. TLS v1 connections are preferred ssl_sslv3=NO # Disable SSL session reuse (required by WinSCP) require_ssl_reuse=NO # Select which SSL ciphers vsftpd will allow for encrypted SSL connections (required by FileZilla) ssl_ciphers=HIGH # # Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem. #utf8_filesystem=YES
這似乎是 filezilla 客戶端的正常行為，無論證書是由 CA 簽名還是證書是 x509（自簽名證書 - 我在 ftps 設置中使用的證書）。無論您使用 filezilla ftp 伺服器、vsftpd 還是任何其他 ftpd，都沒有關係。
甚至 Digicert 的操作指南也顯示該視窗出現在第一次連接時：
https://www.digicert.com/ssl-certificate-installation-filezilla.htm
關於 Digicert 和 Komodo 下的 Terena 證書的“錯誤證書”，我也遇到過這個問題。
發生的情況是客戶端通常不知道建構信任鏈的中間證書；在較舊的設備中很少知道根目錄。
因此，伺服器必須以某種方式配置為向客戶端提供完整的信任鏈。
在 Radius 的情況下，我建構了一個連接主機證書+中間根+根的 pem 文件，並將其定義為我在 FreeRaius 伺服器中的證書。
在 Apache 中，我將主機證書作為證書，並將具有中間根 + 根證書的文件定義為 CertificateChain。