System-Calls

Strace Hello World 程序

  • October 12, 2014

所以我試圖用下面的“Hello World！”來理解系統呼叫。程序：

#include <stdio.h>

int main(){

  printf("Hello World!\n");
  return 0;

}

然後我在執行檔上執行 strace 並得到以下資訊：

execve("./hello", ["./hello"], [/* 62 vars */]) = 0
brk(0)                                  = 0x85a5000
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb774f000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls/i686/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls/i686/sse2", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls/i686/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls/i686", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls/sse2", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/i686/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/i686/sse2", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/i686/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/i686", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/sse2", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/tls/i686/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/tls/i686/sse2", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/tls/i686/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/tls/i686", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/tls/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/tls/sse2", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/tls/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/tls", 0xbf8df160)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/i686/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/i686/sse2", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/i686/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/i686", 0xbf8df160)     = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/sse2", 0xbf8df160)     = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\300\177\1\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=2035943, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 1801892, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb7573000
mmap2(0xb7724000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1b0000) = 0xb7724000
mmap2(0xb7729000, 7844, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7729000
close(3)                                = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7572000
set_thread_area({entry_number:-1, base_addr:0xb7572700, limit:1048575, seg_32bit:1, contents:0, read_exec_only:0, limit_in_pages:1, seg_not_present:0, useable:1}) = 0 (entry_number:6)
mprotect(0xb7724000, 12288, PROT_READ)  = 0
mprotect(0xb7750000, 4096, PROT_READ)   = 0
fstat64(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 1), ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7571000
write(1, "Hello World!\n", 13)          = 13
exit_group(0)                           = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++

有很多系統呼叫試圖打開一些不在磁碟中的庫。為什麼這個程序試圖訪問這些文件？我怎樣才能防止這種情況發生？

變數 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 的內容是：

/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries:/usr/lib

這一切都很正常。您不應該阻止發生失敗的庫查找。

execve("./hello", ["./hello"], [/* 62 vars */]) = 0

這是你的程序開始。由於它是動態連結的，因此要執行的第一個程式碼來自dynamic loader.

brk(0)                                  = 0x85a5000
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb774f000

動態載入器正在分配一些堆空間。

access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

動態載入器檢查是否有要預載入的動態庫。沒有。

open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls/i686/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls/i686/sse2", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls/i686/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls/i686", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls/sse2", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/tls", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/i686/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/i686/sse2", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/i686/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/i686", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/sse2", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/home/miguel/GNUstep/Library/Libraries", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/tls/i686/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/tls/i686/sse2", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/tls/i686/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/tls/i686", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/tls/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/tls/sse2", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/tls/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/tls", 0xbf8df160)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/i686/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/i686/sse2", 0xbf8df160) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/i686/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/i686", 0xbf8df160)     = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/sse2/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
stat64("/usr/lib/sse2", 0xbf8df160)     = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/usr/lib/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3

動態載入器正在尋找libc6標準庫。它在幾個目錄中查找：首先在 中指定的目錄中LD_LIBRARY_PATH，然後在 中列出的目錄中/etc/ld.so.conf。（有關全文，請參閱手冊。）。在每個目錄中，載入程序首先檢查幾個子目錄：它確定存在哪些硬體功能（P6 指令，SSE2），並查找可以使用這些額外功能更有效地執行的庫二進製版本；當它找不到一個可以使用所有功能的功能時，它會尋找一個更通用的功能。最後，該庫位於標準系統目錄中的非專用版本中。

read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\300\177\1\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512
fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=2035943, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 1801892, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb7573000
mmap2(0xb7724000, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1b0000) = 0xb7724000
mmap2(0xb7729000, 7844, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7729000
close(3)                                = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7572000
set_thread_area({entry_number:-1, base_addr:0xb7572700, limit:1048575, seg_32bit:1, contents:0, read_exec_only:0, limit_in_pages:1, seg_not_present:0, useable:1}) = 0 (entry_number:6)
mprotect(0xb7724000, 12288, PROT_READ)  = 0
mprotect(0xb7750000, 4096, PROT_READ)   = 0

載入標準庫，然後執行其初始化程式碼。

fstat64(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 1), ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7571000

這是執行printf呼叫的結果。

write(1, "Hello World!\n", 13)          = 13
exit_group(0)                           = ?

這是您的程序正在退出，其中包括刷新標準輸出緩衝區。

引用自：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/160578

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