Usb
USB 3.0 外置硬碟僅以 480 Mbit/s 執行
當我連接我的 USB 3.0-Stick 時
dmesg說：[ 3308.966755] usb 2-1.1: new **SuperSpeed USB device** number 5 using xhci_hcd [ 3308.987443] usb 2-1.1: New USB device found, idVendor=0781, idProduct=5583 [ 3308.987444] usb 2-1.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 [ 3308.987445] usb 2-1.1: Product: Ultra Fit [ 3308.987446] usb 2-1.1: Manufacturer: SanDisk [ 3308.987447] usb 2-1.1: SerialNumber: 4C530001130125108084 [ 3308.987973] usb-storage 2-1.1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected [ 3308.988102] scsi host8: usb-storage 2-1.1:1.0 [ 3310.003801] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access SanDisk Ultra Fit 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6 [ 3310.004113] sd 8:0:0:0: [sde] 60062500 512-byte logical blocks: (30.8 GB/28.6 GiB) [ 3310.004332] sd 8:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg5 type 0 [ 3310.004725] sd 8:0:0:0: [sde] Write Protect is off [ 3310.004727] sd 8:0:0:0: [sde] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 [ 3310.004993] sd 8:0:0:0: [sde] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 3310.011636] sde: [ 3310.012638] sd 8:0:0:0: [sde] Attached SCSI removable disk [ 3337.899311] usb 1-2: USB disconnect, device number 14 [ 3337.916315] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronizing SCSI cache [ 3338.164228] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronize Cache(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK [ 3345.232408] usb 2-1.1: USB disconnect, device number 5但是當我將我的 USB 3.0 硬碟驅動器連接到同一個埠時會
dmesg說：[ 3354.269053] usb 1-1.1: new **high-speed USB device** number 16 using xhci_hcd [ 3354.449932] usb 1-1.1: New USB device found, idVendor=152d, idProduct=0579 [ 3354.449936] usb 1-1.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 [ 3354.449939] usb 1-1.1: Product: External USB-3.0 [ 3354.449941] usb 1-1.1: Manufacturer: Intenso [ 3354.449943] usb 1-1.1: SerialNumber: 2015112320089 [ 3354.451081] scsi host6: uas [ 3354.451512] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access Intenso External USB-3.0 1201 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6 [ 3354.452039] sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 [ 3357.101531] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/932 GiB) [ 3357.101533] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] 4096-byte physical blocks [ 3357.101709] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off [ 3357.101710] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 5f 00 00 08 [ 3357.101963] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 3357.108787] sdc: sdc1 [ 3357.110080] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk [ 3411.218491] usb 1-1.1: USB disconnect, device number 16 [ 3411.236156] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronizing SCSI cache [ 3411.488046] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Synchronize Cache(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK我的
dd-benchmark 確認 USB 2.0 速度：user@host:~> sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/largefile bs=8k count=2000000 dd: error writing '/mnt/largefile': File too large 524288+0 records in 524287+0 records out 4294967295 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 54.0439 s, 79.5 MB/s user@host:~> sudo sh -c "sync && echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches" [sudo] password for root: user@host:~> dd if=/mnt/largefile of=/dev/null bs=8k 524287+1 records in 524287+1 records out 4294967295 bytes (4.3 GB, 4.0 GiB) copied, 101.613 s, **42.3 MB/s**同時
lsusb -v確認“超速能力”user@host:~> sudo lsusb -v -D /dev/bus/usb/001/018 Device: ID 152d:0579 JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp. Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.10 bDeviceClass 0 bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x152d JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp. idProduct 0x0579 bcdDevice 1.00 iManufacturer 1 Intenso iProduct 2 External USB-3.0 iSerial 3 2015112320089 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 85 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0x80 (Bus Powered) MaxPower 500mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 2 bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI bInterfaceProtocol 80 Bulk-Only iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 1 bNumEndpoints 4 bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI bInterfaceProtocol 98 iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x01 EP 1 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Command pipe (0x01) Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Status pipe (0x02) Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Data-in pipe (0x03) Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x04 EP 4 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Data-out pipe (0x04) Binary Object Store Descriptor: bLength 5 bDescriptorType 15 wTotalLength 22 bNumDeviceCaps 2 USB 2.0 Extension Device Capability: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 16 bDevCapabilityType 2 bmAttributes 0x00000f0e BESL Link Power Management (LPM) Supported BESL value 3840 us SuperSpeed USB Device Capability: bLength 10 bDescriptorType 16 bDevCapabilityType 3 bmAttributes 0x00 wSpeedsSupported 0x000e Device can operate at Full Speed (12Mbps) Device can operate at High Speed (480Mbps) **Device can operate at SuperSpeed (5Gbps)** bFunctionalitySupport 1 Lowest fully-functional device speed is Full Speed (12Mbps) bU1DevExitLat 10 micro seconds bU2DevExitLat 32 micro seconds can't get debug descriptor: Resource temporarily unavailable Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered)這是
lsusb -t使用 USB-Stick 的輸出：/: Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/2p, 480M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/6p, 480M /: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/2p, 480M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M /: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/2p, 5000M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 5000M **|__ Port 1: Dev 6, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 5000M** /: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/10p, 480M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M |__ Port 3: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M |__ Port 3: Dev 3, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M |__ Port 8: Dev 15, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 480M |__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 0, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M |__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 1, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M |__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 2, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M |__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 3, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M |__ Port 10: Dev 6, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M |__ Port 10: Dev 6, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M這是
lsusb -t連接到同一個埠的硬碟驅動器：sudo lsusb -t -D /dev/bus/usb/001/018 /: Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/2p, 480M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/6p, 480M /: Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/2p, 480M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M /: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/2p, 5000M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 5000M /: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/10p, 480M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M **|__ Port 1: Dev 18, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=uas, 480M** |__ Port 3: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M |__ Port 3: Dev 3, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M |__ Port 8: Dev 15, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 480M |__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 0, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M |__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 1, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M |__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 2, Class=Audio, Driver=snd-usb-audio, 12M |__ Port 9: Dev 5, If 3, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M |__ Port 10: Dev 6, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M |__ Port 10: Dev 6, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M如何使此設備以 USB 3.0 SuperSpeed 執行？
短版：
如果您購買了高性能型號，您的 Intenso 外置 SSD 已經以最佳性能執行。但是，如果您購買了頂級性能型號，您應該：
- 先換一根USB3.1線試試
- 排除佈線問題後聯繫製造商。
長版：
- 所有 USB 電纜都是平等的，但有些比其他電纜更平等：
USB 2.0 佈局：
Pin Colour Name Description 1 Red VCC +5 VDC 2 White D- Data - 3 Green D+ Data + 4 Black GND GroundUSB 3.x 佈局：
Pin Colour Name Description A connector B connector 1 Red VBUS Power 2 White D− USB 2.0 differential pair 3 Green D+ 4 Black GND Ground for power return 5 Blue StdA_SSRX− StdB_SSTX− SuperSpeed receiver differential pair 6 Yellow StdA_SSRX+ StdB_SSTX+ 7 N/A GND_DRAIN Ground for signal return 8 Purple StdA_SSTX− StdB_SSRX− SuperSpeed transmitter differential pair 9 Orange StdA_SSTX+ StdB_SSRX+因此，如果您的電纜損壞或使用了錯誤的電纜，您應該更換它，否則您將退回到 USB 2.0。 2. SSD 的兩個主要部分是控制器橋和實際的NAND晶片。在您的情況下，JMicron 控制器橋能夠支持SuperSpeed ，但您的 SSD中的實際 NAND只能支持高速，因為您的測試證實了這一點。
SuperSpeed 和高速 NAND 有什麼區別？
- SLC：每個單元 1 位：最快、最高成本。
- MLC：每個單元 2 位
- TLC：每個單元 3 位
- QLC：每個單元 4 位：最慢，成本最低因此，您的（小型）USB 記憶棒包含支持 SuperSpeed 的控制器和 NAND，但您的（大型）SSD 僅包含支持 SuperSpeed 的控制器，而不包含與之配套的 NAND。
由於您向我們提供了很多資訊，但沒有提供 SSD 的實際型號，因此我們無法檢查您是否購買了高性能型號而不是頂級性能型號，因為 Intenso 並未在其網站上發布 USB ID。一般來說，頂級性能型號的價格是高性能型號的兩倍，因此在不太可能的情況下，您確實購買了頂級性能型號，製造商搞混了，您應該聯繫他們並要求更換。