X11
為什麼我的 NVIDIA 驅動程序已載入但 X.org 未檢測到？
我使用的是安裝了 X.org 的 Debian 10 系統，LightDM 作為顯示管理器，GNOME 作為桌面環境。當我啟動 LightDM 時，只有一個物理顯示器啟動。我有兩台顯示器，一台內置，由我的集成英特爾顯卡驅動，一台外置 HDMI，由我的獨立英偉達顯卡驅動。我已經使用 bumblebee/primus 設置了 NVIDIA Optimus，因此我可以使用我的集成英特爾顯卡來驅動顯示器，同時在我的獨立卡上執行應用程序。當我啟動 LightDM 時，X 伺服器只使用內部螢幕，而我的顯示器仍處於待機狀態。即使不推薦使用 Xorg 配置文件，我也需要使用它，否則 Xorg 將無法檢測到我的外部顯示器。
/etc/X11/xorg.conf:
Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "X.org Configured" Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0 Screen 1 "Screen1" RightOf "Screen0" InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer" InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" EndSection Section "Files" ModulePath "/usr/lib/xorg/modules" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi" FontPath "built-ins" EndSection Section "Module" Load "glx" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Keyboard0" Driver "kbd" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Mouse0" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "auto" Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor0" VendorName "Monitor Vendor" ModelName "Monitor Model" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor1" VendorName "Monitor Vendor" ModelName "Monitor Model" EndSection Section "Device" ### Available Driver options are:- ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False", ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz", ### <percent>: "<f>%" ### [arg]: arg optional #Option "Accel" # [<bool>] #Option "AccelMethod" # <str> #Option "Backlight" # <str> #Option "CustomEDID" # <str> #Option "DRI" # <str> #Option "Present" # [<bool>] #Option "ColorKey" # <i> #Option "VideoKey" # <i> #Option "Tiling" # [<bool>] #Option "LinearFramebuffer" # [<bool>] #Option "HWRotation" # [<bool>] #Option "VSync" # [<bool>] #Option "PageFlip" # [<bool>] #Option "SwapbuffersWait" # [<bool>] #Option "TripleBuffer" # [<bool>] #Option "XvPreferOverlay" # [<bool>] #Option "HotPlug" # [<bool>] #Option "ReprobeOutputs" # [<bool>] #Option "XvMC" # [<bool>] #Option "ZaphodHeads" # <str> #Option "VirtualHeads" # <i> #Option "TearFree" # [<bool>] #Option "PerCrtcPixmaps" # [<bool>] #Option "FallbackDebug" # [<bool>] #Option "DebugFlushBatches" # [<bool>] #Option "DebugFlushCaches" # [<bool>] #Option "DebugWait" # [<bool>] #Option "BufferCache" # [<bool>] Identifier "Card0" Driver "intel" BusID "PCI:0:2:0" EndSection Section "Device" ### Available Driver options are:- ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False"ss, ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz", ### <percent>: "<f>%" ### [arg]: arg optional #Option "SWcursor" # [<bool>] #Option "HWcursor" # [<bool>] #Option "NoAccel" # [<bool>] #Option "ShadowFB" # [<bool>] #Option "VideoKey" # <i> #Option "WrappedFB" # [<bool>] #Option "GLXVBlank" # [<bool>] #Option "ZaphodHeads" # <str> #Option "PageFlip" # [<bool>] #Option "SwapLimit" # <i> #Option "AsyncUTSDFS" # [<bool>] #Option "AccelMethod" # <str> #Option "DRI" # <i> Identifier "Card1" Driver "nvidia" BusID "PCI:1:0:0" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Card0" Monitor "Monitor0" SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 1 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 4 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 8 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 15 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 16 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen1" Device "Card1" Monitor "Monitor1" SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 1 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 4 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 8 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 15 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 16 EndSubSection SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSectionlspci | grep NVIDIA 顯示我的圖形被檢測到：
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1f99 (rev a1)lsmod | grep nvidia 顯示已載入 nvidia 驅動程序：
nvidia_modeset 1232896 1 nvidia 34164736 18 nvidia_modeset我的 LightDM 配置文件沒有設置 xserver-config 欄位，因此它將使用 /etc/X11/xorg.conf
我無法發布整個 X.org 日誌，因為它的字元太多。最值得注意的三行是：
[ 9581.561] (II) LoadModule: "nvidia" [ 9581.562] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module nvidia [ 9581.562] (EE) Failed to load module "nvidia" (module does not exist, 0)我有兩個問題：
- 為什麼我的顯卡被 lspci 檢測到，驅動被 lsmod 檢測到，但是 Xorg 說驅動不存在？
- 我怎樣才能讓 X.org 檢測到驅動程序？
PS：nouveau 驅動程序沒有載入，也沒有在 Xorg 配置中提及，所以它們不應該成為問題。
我升級到 Debian Rolling Release (unstable/sid)，它現在可以工作了。我真的不知道問題出在哪裡，我認為是關於大黃蜂/primus 的問題。升級後，我現在擁有 Xorg 1.20.11，因此我可以原生使用 NVIDIA Optimus。一個驅動程序重新安裝+稍後清除，效果很好。